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Here, serum levels of S100B in schizophrenia and influence of age, gender, medication and illness severity were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum S100B levels were measured in patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine. Lifestyle, metabolic and illness severity parameters were correlated with S100B concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data showed raised serum levels of S100B in schizophrenia female patients, but not male patients, compared to controls. Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive association between S100B serum concentrations and BMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study supports previous findings that adipocytes may contribute to S100B serum concentrations in females, in addition to astrocytes. This study also supports the hypothesis that metabolic effects of medication, lifestyle choices and the illness itself, may be contributing factors to altered levels of S100B.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244x-13-146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]],"date-time":"2013-05-24T10:16:17Z","timestamp":1369390577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Levels of S100B are raised in female patients with schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kara","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jogin","family":"Thakore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumlesh K","family":"Dev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1319_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2011.083","volume":"49","author":"J Steiner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Steiner J, Bogerts B, Schroeter ML: S100B protein in neurodegenerative disorders. 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