{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T02:33:31Z","timestamp":1778121211605,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,18]],"date-time":"2011-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1308355200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The influence of rural-urban disparities in children's health on neonatal death in disadvantaged areas of China is poorly understood. In this study of rural and urban populations in Gansu province, a disadvantaged province of China, we describe the characteristics and mortality of newborn infants and evaluated rural-urban differences of neonatal death.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We analyzed all neonatal deaths in the data from the Surveillance System of Child Death in Gansu Province, China from 2004 to 2009. We calculated all-cause neonatal mortality rates (NMR) and cause-specific death rates for infants born to rural or urban mothers during 2004-09. Rural-urban classifications were determined based on the residence registry system of China. Chi-square tests were used to compare differences of infant characteristics and cause-specific deaths by rural-urban maternal residence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Overall, NMR fell in both rural and urban populations during 2004-09. Average NMR for rural and urban populations was 17.8 and 7.5 per 1000 live births, respectively. For both rural and urban newborn infants, the four leading causes of death were birth asphyxia, preterm or low birth weight, congenital malformation, and pneumonia. Each cause-specific death rate was higher in rural infants than in urban infants. More rural than urban neonates died out of hospital or did not receive medical care before death.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Neonatal mortality declined dramatically both in urban and rural groups in Gansu province during 2004-09. However, profound disparities persisted between rural and urban populations. Strategies that address inequalities of accessibility and quality of health care are necessary to improve neonatal health in rural settings in China.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,18]],"date-time":"2011-06-18T06:21:12Z","timestamp":1308378072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Rural-urban differences of neonatal mortality in a poorly developed province of China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9648","key":"3291_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61364-1","volume":"372","author":"S Tang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tang S, Meng Q, Chen L, Bekedam H, Evans T, Whitehead M: Tackling the challenges to health equity in China. Lancet. 2008, 372 (9648): 1493-1501. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61364-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"3291_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-007-0305-1","volume":"12","author":"Y Guo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guo Y, Zakus D, Liang H: China: policy and practice of MCH since the early 1990s. Matern Child Health J. 2008, 12 (2): 139-148. 10.1007\/s10995-007-0305-1.","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"3291_CR3","unstructured":"Ministry of Health of the people's republic of China. [http:\/\/www.moh.gov.cn\/sofpro\/cms\/previewjspfile\/zwgkzt\/cms_0000000000000000131_tpl.jsp?requestCode=42065%26CategoryID=2746]"},{"key":"3291_CR4","first-page":"143","volume":"2","author":"L Cui","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cui L, Zhou XP, Cui YL, Guo HF: The trend of perinatal death rate during 1996~2005 in Zhengzhou City. Chin Rural Health Service Admini. 2007, 2: 143-144. in Chinese","journal-title":"Chin Rural Health Service Admini"},{"key":"3291_CR5","first-page":"4219","volume":"30","author":"YF Song","year":"2007","unstructured":"Song YF, Cui QZ, Yang L, Wen H, Chang H, Zheng YJ: The trend of neonatal mortality rate during 1990~2005 in Shenyang City. Matern and Child Health Care of China. 2007, 30: 4219-4221. in Chinese","journal-title":"Matern and Child Health Care of China"},{"issue":"14","key":"3291_CR6","first-page":"463","volume":"17","author":"H Cheng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cheng H, Lu XQ: The analysis of death causes among children younger than 5-year old in Shanghai, 1998-2005. Chin J Child Health Care. 2009, 17 (14): 463-464. in Chinese","journal-title":"Chin J Child Health Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"3291_CR7","first-page":"324","volume":"20","author":"ZC Wu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wu ZC, Li XH: Perinatal mortality and its determinants in less developed rural areas. Chin J Public Health. 2004, 20 (3): 324-325. in Chinese","journal-title":"Chin J Public Health"},{"key":"3291_CR8","volume-title":"China Statistical Yearbook 2007","author":"National Bureau of Statistics of China","year":"2007","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics of China: China Statistical Yearbook 2007. 2007, Beijing, in Chinese"},{"issue":"9462","key":"3291_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71048-5","volume":"365","author":"JE Lawn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J: 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why?. Lancet. 2005, 365 (9462): 891-900. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71048-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"3291_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F361","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.104836","volume":"92","author":"B Fenn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fenn B, Kirkwood BR, Popatia Z: Inequities in neonatal survival interventions: evidence from national surveys. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2007, 92 (5): F361-366. 10.1136\/adc.2006.104836.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"6","key":"3291_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000142149.34095.88","volume":"15","author":"ZC Luo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Luo ZC, Kierans WJ, Wilkins R, Liston RM, Mohamed J, Kramer MS: Disparities in birth outcomes by neighborhood income: temporal trends in rural and urban areas, British Columbia. Epidemiology. 2004, 15 (6): 679-686. 10.1097\/01.ede.0000142149.34095.88.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3291_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e928","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2181","volume":"119","author":"GK Singh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Singh GK, Kogan MD: Persistent socioeconomic disparities in infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates in the United States, 1969-2001. Pediatrics. 2007, 119 (4): e928-939. 10.1542\/peds.2005-2181.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9524","key":"3291_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68771-0","volume":"367","author":"CJ Freemantle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Freemantle CJ, Read AW, de Klerk NH, McAullay D, Anderson IP, Stanley FJ: Patterns, trends, and increasing disparities in mortality for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal infants born in Western Australia, 1980-2001: population database study. Lancet. 2006, 367 (9524): 1758-1766. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68771-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3291_CR14","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics of China. [http:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/tjgb\/ndtjgb\/dfndtjgb\/t20080318_402469399.htm]"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"3291_CR15","first-page":"170","volume":"44","author":"B Xu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Xu B, Rantakallio P, J\u00e4rvelin MR, Fang XL: Sex differentials in perinatal mortality in China and Finland. Soc Biol. 1997, 44 (3-4): 170-178.","journal-title":"Soc Biol"},{"issue":"7427","key":"3291_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7427.1319","volume":"327","author":"Z Wu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu Z, Viisainen K, Wang Y, Hemminki E: Perinatal mortality in rural China: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2003, 327 (7427): 1319-10.1136\/bmj.327.7427.1319.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3291_CR17","volume-title":"2000 national population census","author":"National Bureau of Statistics of China","year":"2001","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics of China: 2000 national population census. 2001, Beijing, in Chinese"},{"key":"3291_CR18","unstructured":"Neonatal and Perinatal Mortality. [http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2006\/9241563206_eng.pdf]"},{"issue":"6","key":"3291_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1353\/hub.2003.0012","volume":"74","author":"L Ulizzi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ulizzi L, Zonta LA: Sex differential patterns in perinatal deaths in Italy. Hum Biol. 2002, 74 (6): 879-888. 10.1353\/hub.2003.0012.","journal-title":"Hum Biol"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-11-477.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2458-11-477\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-11-477","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-11-477.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T14:57:36Z","timestamp":1630508256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2458-11-477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,18]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-11-477","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 December 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"477"}}