{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T16:18:34Z","timestamp":1783613914338,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,30]],"date-time":"2004-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091145600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>We assessed whether the Korean version of modified Mini-Mental State Examination (K-mMMSE) has improved performance as a screening test for cognitive impairment or dementia in a general population compared with the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE).<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Screening interviews were conducted with people aged 65 and over in Noam-dong, Namwon-city, Jeonbuk province. There were 522 community participants, of whom 235 underwent clinical and neuropsychological examination for diagnosis of dementia and Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND). Sensitivity, specificity and areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the K-mMMSE and the K-MMSE were the main outcome measures.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Cronbach's alpha for the K-mMMSE was 0.91, compared with 0.84 for the K-MMSE. The areas under the ROC curves in identifying all levels of CIND or dementia were 0.91 for the K-mMMSE and 0.89 for the K-MMSE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). For the K-mMMSE, the optimal cut-off score for a diagnosis of CIND was 69\/70, which had a sensitivity of 0.86 and a specificity of 0.79, while, for a diagnosis of dementia, the optimal cut-off score of 59\/60 had a sensitivity of 0.91 and a specificity of 0.78. The K-mMMSE also had a high test-retest reliability (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.89).<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Our findings indicate that the K-mMMSE is more reliable and valid than the K-MMSE as a cognitive screen in a population based study of dementia. Considering the test characteristics, the K-MMSE and modified version are expected to be optimally used in clinical and epidemiologic fields.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-4-31","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,4]],"date-time":"2004-08-04T06:22:36Z","timestamp":1091600556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["The usefulness of the Korean version of modified Mini-Mental State Examination (K-mMMSE) for dementia screening in community dwelling elderly people"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Seul-Ki","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki-Hyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"117_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR: \"Mini-mental state\". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975, 12: 189-198. 10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"117_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x","volume":"40","author":"TN Tombaugh","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ: The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992, 40: 922-935.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"117_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.5.496","volume":"47","author":"JP Dick","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dick JP, Guiloff RJ, Stewart A, Blackstock J, Bielawska C, Paul EA, Marsden CD: Mini-mental state examination in neurological patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1984, 47: 496-499.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"117_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1992.00530250091022","volume":"49","author":"EP Feher","year":"1992","unstructured":"Feher EP, Mahurin RK, Doody RS, Cooke N, Sims J, Pirozzolo FJ: Establishing the limits of the Mini-Mental State. Examination of 'subtests'. Arch Neurol. 1992, 49: 87-92.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"117_CR5","first-page":"314","volume":"48","author":"EL Teng","year":"1987","unstructured":"Teng EL, Chui HC: The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination. J Clin Psychiatry. 1987, 48: 314-318.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"117_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00060-7","volume":"50","author":"I McDowell","year":"1997","unstructured":"McDowell I, Kristjansson B, Hill GB, Hebert R: Community screening for dementia: the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3MS) compared. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997, 50: 377-383. 10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00060-7.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"117_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00196-1","volume":"53","author":"AS Khachaturian","year":"2000","unstructured":"Khachaturian AS, Gallo JJ, Breitner JC: Performance characteristics of a two-stage dementia screen in a population sample. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000, 53: 531-540. 10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00196-1.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"117_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1995.00540290067019","volume":"52","author":"J Grace","year":"1995","unstructured":"Grace J, Nadler JD, White DA, Guilmette TJ, Giuliano AJ, Monsch AU, Snow MG: Folstein vs modified Mini-Mental State Examination in geriatric stroke. Stability, validity, and screening utility. Arch Neurol. 1995, 52: 477-484.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"117_CR9","first-page":"28","volume":"15","author":"JT Tschanz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tschanz JT, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Plassman BL, Norton MC, Wyse BW, Breitner JC: An adaptation of the modified mini-mental state examination: analysis of demographic influences and normative data: the cache county study. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002, 15: 28-38.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol"},{"key":"117_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930050606","volume":"5","author":"JH Park","year":"1990","unstructured":"Park JH, Kwon YC: Modification of the mini-mental state examination for use in the elderly in a non-western society: Part I. Development of Korean Version of Mini-Mental State Examination. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1990, 5: 381-387.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"117_CR11","first-page":"300","volume":"15","author":"YW Kang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kang YW, Na DL, Han SH: A Validity study on the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) in dementia patients. J Korean Neurol Assoc. 1997, 15: 300-308.","journal-title":"J Korean Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"117_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930061208","volume":"6","author":"JH Park","year":"1991","unstructured":"Park JH, Park YN, Ko HJ: Modification of the Mini-Mental State Examination for use in the elderly in a non-western society: part II. Cutoff points and their diagnostic validities. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1991, 6: 875-882.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"117_CR13","first-page":"163","volume":"5","author":"JM Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim JM, Shin IS, Yoon JS, Kim JH, Lee HY: Cut-off score on MMSE-K for screening of dementia in community dwelling old people. J Korean Geriatr Psychiatry. 2001, 5: 163-168.","journal-title":"J Korean Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"117_CR14","first-page":"346","volume":"21","author":"EH Sohn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sohn EH, Lee AY, Park HJ: The validity and reliability of the Korean Modified Mini-Mental State (K-3MS) Examination. J Korean Neurol Assoc. 2003, 21: 346-356.","journal-title":"J Korean Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"117_CR15","first-page":"253","volume":"17","author":"SH Choi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Choi SH, Na DL, Oh KM, Park BJ: A Short form of the Samsung Dementia Questionnaire (S-SDQ): development and cross-validation. J Korean Neurol Assoc. 1999, 17: 253-258.","journal-title":"J Korean Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"117_CR16","first-page":"8","volume":"20","author":"SJ Kang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kang SJ, Choi SH, Lee BH, Kwon JC, Na DL, Han SH: The reliability and validity of the Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL). J Korean Neurol Assoc. 2002, 20: 8-14.","journal-title":"J Korean Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"117_CR17","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"Association American Psychiatric: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. 1994, Washington, American Psychiatric Association"},{"key":"117_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","volume":"34","author":"G McKhann","year":"1984","unstructured":"McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM: Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology. 1984, 34: 939-944.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"117_CR19","first-page":"585","volume":"19","author":"SH Choi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Choi SH, Na DL, Lee BH, Hahm DS, Jeong JH, Yoon SJ, Yoo KH, Ha CK, Han IW: Estimating the Validity of the Korean Version of Expanded Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale. J Korean Neurol Assoc. 2001, 19: 585-591.","journal-title":"J Korean Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"117_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","volume":"16","author":"LJ Cronbach","year":"1951","unstructured":"Cronbach LJ: Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 1951, 16: 297-334.","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"117_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063747","volume":"143","author":"JA Hanley","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hanley JA, McNeil BJ: The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. 1982, 143: 29-36.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"117_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","volume":"44","author":"ER DeLong","year":"1988","unstructured":"DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL: Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 1988, 44: 837-845.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"117_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00111-2","volume":"56","author":"SS Bassuk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bassuk SS, Murphy JM: Characteristics of the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam among elderly persons. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003, 56: 622-628. 10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00111-2.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"117_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700008424","volume":"18","author":"AF Jorm","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jorm AF, Scott R, Henderson AS, Kay DW: Educational level differences on the Mini-Mental State: the role of test bias. Psychol Med. 1988, 18: 727-731.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"117_CR25","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Research in Community Mental Health","author":"CEIII Holzer","year":"1984","unstructured":"Holzer CEIII, Tischler GL, Leaf PJ: An epidemiologic assessment of cognitive impairment in a community population. Research in Community Mental Health. Edited by: Greenley JR. 1984, London England, JAI Press, 4: 3-32."},{"key":"117_CR26","first-page":"189","volume-title":"In: International Psychogeriatric Association Psychogeriatrics: biomedical and social advances","author":"EL Teng","year":"1990","unstructured":"Teng EL, Chui HC, Gong A: Comparisons between the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and its modified version: the 3MS test. In: International Psychogeriatric Association Psychogeriatrics: biomedical and social advances. 1990, 189-192."},{"key":"117_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1987.tb01409.x","volume":"35","author":"H. J., 3rd Keating","year":"1987","unstructured":"Keating H. J., 3rd: \"Studying\" for the Mini-Mental Status Exam. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1987, 35: 594-595.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"117_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1159\/000368808","volume":"16","author":"G Bravo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bravo G, Hebert R: Reliability of the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination in the context of a two-phase community prevalence study. Neuroepidemiology. 1997, 16: 141-148.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"117_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004717","volume":"9 Suppl 1","author":"RC Petersen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Kokmen E, Tangelos EG: Aging, memory, and mild cognitive impairment. Int Psychogeriatr. 1997, 9 Suppl 1: 65-69. 10.1017\/S1041610297004717.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"117_CR30","first-page":"65","volume":"55","author":"Y Shah","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shah Y, Tangalos EG, Petersen RC: Mild cognitive impairment. When is it a precursor to Alzheimer's disease?. Geriatrics. 2000, 55: 65-68.","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"117_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000024432.34557.10","volume":"33","author":"JS Meyer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Meyer JS, Xu G, Thornby J, Chowdhury MH, Quach M: Is mild cognitive impairment prodromal for vascular dementia like Alzheimer's disease?. Stroke. 2002, 33: 1981-1985. 10.1161\/01.STR.0000024432.34557.10.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"117_CR32","first-page":"137","volume":"8","author":"JC Lee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lee JC: Korea's health care policy of the twentieth century. Uisahak. 1999, 8: 137-145.","journal-title":"Uisahak"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-4-31.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2458-4-31\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-4-31","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-4-31.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:47:24Z","timestamp":1728305244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2458-4-31"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,30]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-4-31","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 December 2003","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2004","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2004","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"31"}}