{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:40:58Z","timestamp":1785796858787,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,5]],"date-time":"2005-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,5]],"date-time":"2005-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Inappropriate use of antibiotics by individuals worried about biological agent exposures during bioterrorism events is an important public health concern. However, little is documented about the extent to which individuals with self-identified risk of anthrax exposure approached physicians for antimicrobial prophylaxis during the 2001 bioterrorism attacks in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>We conducted a telephone survey of randomly selected members of the Pennsylvania Chapter of the American College of Emergency Physicians to assess patients' request for and emergency physicians' prescription of antimicrobial agents during the 2001 anthrax attacks.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Ninety-seven physicians completed the survey. Sixty-four (66%) respondents had received requests from patients for anthrax prophylaxis; 16 (25%) of these physicians prescribed antibiotics to a total of 23 patients. Ten physicians prescribed ciprofloxacin while 8 physicians prescribed doxycycline.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>During the 2001 bioterrorist attacks, the majority of the emergency physicians we surveyed encountered patients who requested anthrax prophylaxis. Public fears may lead to a high demand for antibiotic prophylaxis during bioterrorism events. Elucidation of the relationship between public health response to outbreaks and outcomes would yield insights to ease burden on frontline clinicians and guide strategies to control inappropriate antibiotic allocation during bioterrorist events.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-5-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,12]],"date-time":"2005-01-12T21:29:29Z","timestamp":1105565369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Patients' request for and emergency physicians' prescription of antimicrobial prophylaxis for anthrax during the 2001 bioterrorism-related outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nkuchia M","family":"M'ikanatha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen G","family":"Julian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen R","family":"Kunselman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C","family":"Aber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebbing","family":"Lautenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"157_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.10.1235","volume":"288","author":"RC Silver","year":"2002","unstructured":"Silver RC, Holman EA, McIntosh DN, Poulin M, Gil-Rivas V: Nationwide longitudinal study of psychological responses to September 11. JAMA. 2002, 288: 1235-1244. 10.1001\/jama.288.10.1235.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"157_CR2","first-page":"941","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2001","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Update: investigations of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for clinical evaluation of persons with possible anthrax. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001, 50: 941-948.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"157_CR3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Anthrax: MMWR References. [http:\/\/www.bt.cdc.gov\/agent\/anthrax\/reference\/mmwr.asp. ]"},{"key":"157_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.18.1735","volume":"281","author":"TV Inglesby","year":"1999","unstructured":"Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, Bartlett JG, et al: Anthrax as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA. 1999, 281: 1735-1745. 10.1001\/jama.281.18.1735.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"157_CR5","first-page":"909","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2001","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Update: investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for exposure management and antimicrobial therapy, October 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001, 50: 909-919.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"157_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012892","volume":"345","author":"MN Swartz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Swartz MN: Recognition and management of anthrax\u2013an update. N Engl J Med. 2001, 345: 1621-1626. 10.1056\/NEJMra012892.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"157_CR7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Press Release: Update: anthrax investigations, Florida and New York. [http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/od\/oc\/media\/pressrel\/r011016.htm]"},{"key":"157_CR8","unstructured":"USA Today: Demand for cipro rising. [http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/life\/2001-10-16-cipro.htm]"},{"issue":"4","key":"157_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1089\/153871303771861469","volume":"1","author":"NM M'ikanatha","year":"2003","unstructured":"M'ikanatha NM, Lautenbach E, Kunselman A, et al: Sources of bioterrorism information among emergency physicians during the 2001 anthrax outbreak. Biosecurity & Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice and Science. 2003, 1 (4): 259-265. 10.1089\/153871303771861469.","journal-title":"Biosecurity & Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice and Science"},{"key":"157_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(99)70413-0","volume":"33","author":"MA Reinhart","year":"1999","unstructured":"Reinhart MA, Munger BS, Rund DA: American Board of Emergency Medicine Longitudinal Study of Emergency Physicians. Ann Emerg Med. 1999, 33: 22-32.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"157_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020355","volume":"8","author":"JA Mott","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mott JA, Treadwell TA, Hennessy TW, Rosenberg PA, Wolfe MI, Brown CM, Butler JC: Call-tracking data and the public health response to bioterrorism-related anthrax. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002, 8: 1088-1092.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"157_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.828","volume":"12","author":"D Shaffer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shaffer D, Armstrong G, Higgins K, et al: Increased US prescription trends associated with the CDC Bacillus anthracis antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis campaign. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2003, 12: 177-182. 10.1002\/pds.828.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"157_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1331\/154434503321831085","volume":"43","author":"A Brinker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brinker A, Pamer C, Beitz J: Changes in ciprofloxacin utilization as shown in a large pharmacy claims database: effects of proximity to criminal anthrax exposure in October 2001. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2003, 43: 375-378. 10.1331\/154434503321831085.","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"157_CR14","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Questions and answers about anthrax. [http:\/\/www.bt.cdc.gov\/agent\/anthrax\/faq\/index.asp]"},{"key":"157_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2002.00495.x","volume":"8","author":"E Navas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Navas E: Problems associated with potential massive use of antimicrobial agents as prophylaxis or therapy of a bioterrorist attack. Clin Microbiol Infec. 2002, 8: 534-539. 10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2002.00495.x.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infec"},{"key":"157_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0904.020593","volume":"9","author":"MS Dworkin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dworkin MS, Ma X, Golash RG: Fear of bioterrorism and implications for public health preparedness. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003, 9: 503-505.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"157_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-0046(02)00044-4","volume":"2","author":"EA Bresnitz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bresnitz EA, DiFerdinando GT: Lessons from anthrax attacks of 2001: the New Jersey experience. Clin Occup Environ Med. 2002, 2: 227-252. [http:\/\/www.occmed.theclinics.com\/issues\/contents]","journal-title":"Clin Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"157_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0906.030118","volume":"9","author":"S Blank","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blank S, Moskin LC, Zucker JR: An ounce of prevention is a ton of work: mass antibiotic prophylaxis for anthrax, New York City, 2001. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003, 9: 615-622.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"157_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304083281407","volume":"328","author":"RJ Blendon","year":"1993","unstructured":"Blendon RJ, Donelan K, Leitman R, et al: Physicians' perspectives on caring for patients in the United States, Canada, and West Germany. N Engl J Med. 1993, 328: 1011-1016. 10.1056\/NEJM199304083281407.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"157_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1086\/320747","volume":"32","author":"A Fine","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fine A, Layton M: Lessons from the West Nile viral encephalitis outbreak in New York City, 1999: implications for bioterrorism preparedness. Clin Infect Dis. 2001, 32: 277-282. 10.1086\/318469.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-5-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2458-5-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-5-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-5-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:50:39Z","timestamp":1728305439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2458-5-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-5-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2004","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2005","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2005","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"2"}}