{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:27:45Z","timestamp":1789435665513,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,14]],"date-time":"2005-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1126656000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Asthma is a growing problem in the Caribbean but the prevalence in most islands is unknown and possible inter-island variation in prevalence has not been determined. A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted to compare the prevalence of asthma symptoms among high school students in the two islands of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Questionnaire and video instruments based on those developed by the International Study of Asthma &amp; Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) were used to assess asthma prevalence among 6394 children (age range, 11\u201319 years; mean age, 14.08 yrs) in the second and third years of 35 randomly selected high schools in Trinidad and Tobago. This cross sectional survey was conducted between September and December 2002.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 4988 questionnaires were available for analysis (3519 in Trinidad and 1469 in Tobago). Among respondents from the two islands, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of ever wheezing (24.1% and 24.3% for Trinidad and Tobago, respectively, RR 0.99, 95% CI, 0.90\u20131.08); wheezing in the previous 12 months (13.1% &amp; 13.4%, RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.84\u20131.15); a previous or current diagnosis of asthma (12.8% &amp; 13.5%, RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.82\u20131.12) and night cough in the past 12 months (35.4% &amp; 38.3%, RR0.93, 95% CI 0.86\u20131.00). However, symptoms of severe asthma were significantly more common among students from Tobago and included having had more than one acute attack in the past year (13.4% &amp; 15.8%, RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73\u20131.00, p = 0.0004), night waking as a result of wheeze (7.4% &amp; 10.9%, RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.56\u20130.83, p &lt; 0.0001) and speech limitation in the past year (5.2% &amp; 8.7%, RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47\u20130.74, p &lt; 0.001) Exercise-associated wheezing was also more frequent among Tobagonian adolescents (17.5% &amp; 20.2%, RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76 \u2013 0.98, p = 0.04).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Self-reported wheeze is common among adolescents in Trinidad and Tobago. Variation in symptoms was found between the two territories; high school students from Tobago, the less industrialized of the two islands, reported more symptoms of severe asthma and exercise-induced wheeze. Difference in the ethnic composition rather than socio-economic factors may be contributing to the observed differences in symptom prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-5-96","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,15]],"date-time":"2005-09-15T06:16:08Z","timestamp":1126764968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparison of prevalence and severity of asthma among adolescents in the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Tobago: results of a nationwide cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Michele A","family":"Monteil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Changkit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin M","family":"Antoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"251_CR1","first-page":"22","volume":"47","author":"ME Howitt","year":"1998","unstructured":"Howitt ME, Roach TC, Naidu R: Prevalence of asthma and wheezing illnesses in Barbadian school children: The Barbados National Asthma & Allergy Study [Abstract]. West Indian Med J. 1998, 47 (suppl 2): 22-23.","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"251_CR2","first-page":"22","volume":"47","author":"HB Tam Tam","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tam Tam HB, Deva Tata M, Ganganaidu K, Aiyaroo K: Prevalence of asthma related symptoms in school children in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad [Abstract]. West Indian Med J. 1998, 47 (suppl 2): 22-","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"251_CR3","first-page":"44","volume":"39","author":"RP Naidu","year":"1990","unstructured":"Naidu RP: Use of the log book in a quality assurance exercise in the Hospital Emergency Department in Barbados [Abstract]. West Indian Med J. 1990, 39 (suppl 1): 44-","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"251_CR4","unstructured":"PROCICARIBE-The Caribbean Agricultural Science and Technology Network System [Web site]. Accessed October 28th 2004, [http:\/\/www.procicaribe.org\/networks\/clawrenet\/reports\/z_tt\/tt.htm]"},{"key":"251_CR5","unstructured":"Trinidad and Tobago Central Statistical Office: Central Statistical Office [Web site]. Accessed 5th October 2004, [http:\/\/www.cso.gov.tt]"},{"key":"251_CR6","volume-title":"ISAAC Phase three manual","author":"ISAAC Steering Committee and ISAAC Phase Three Study Group","year":"2000","unstructured":"ISAAC Steering Committee and ISAAC Phase Three Study Group: ISAAC Phase three manual. 2000, Auckland; ISAAC"},{"key":"251_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07302-9","volume":"351","author":"International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Steering Committee","year":"1998","unstructured":"International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Steering Committee: Worldwide Variation in the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC. Lancet. 1998, 351: 1225-1232. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07302-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"251_CR8","unstructured":"Global Initiative For Asthma Newsletter \u2013 GINA Asthma Association Directory [Web site]. Accessed December 2004, [http:\/\/www.ginasthma.com\/newsletter\/countries\/barbados.html]"},{"issue":"1","key":"251_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.1.173","volume":"30","author":"AW Stewart","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stewart AW, Mitchell EA, Pearce N, Strachan DP, Weilandon SK, ISAAC Steering Committee: International Study for Asthma and Allergy in Childhood. The relationship of per capita gross national product to the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and other atopic diseases in children (ISAAC). Int J Epidemiol. 2001, 30 (1): 173-9. 10.1093\/ije\/30.1.173.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"251_CR10","unstructured":"The World Factbook [Web site]. Accessed October 2004, [http:\/\/www.cia.gov\/cia\/publications\/factbook]"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"251_CR11","first-page":"36","volume":"65","author":"MA Monteil","year":"2003","unstructured":"Monteil MA, Joseph G, Changkit C, Siung Chang A, Wheeler G, McIntosh D, Antoine RM, Rajkumar W: Prevalence of Common Allergic Disorders among Primary & Secondary School-Aged Children in Trinidad & Tobago \u2013 The International Study of Asthma & Allergies in Childhood Study (T&T). [Abstract]. Caribbean Med J. 2003, 65 (suppl 1): 36-37.","journal-title":"Caribbean Med J"},{"key":"251_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.5.1277","volume":"113","author":"N Fox Ray","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fox Ray N, Tharner M, Fadillioglu B, Gergen PJ: Race, Income, Urbanicity and Asthma Hospitalization in California \u2013 a small area analysis. Chest. 1998, 113: 1277-84.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"251_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.1.27","volume":"54","author":"ML Burr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Burr ML, Anderson HR, Austin JB, Harkins LS, Kaur B, Strachan DP, Warner JO: Respiratory symptoms and home environment in children: a national survey. Thorax. 1999, 54: 27-32.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"251_CR14","unstructured":"World Health Organization: The tobacco atlas 2002. Accessed October 2004, [http:\/\/www.who.int\/tobacco\/statistics\/tobacco_atlas]"},{"issue":"3","key":"251_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892004000900006","volume":"16","author":"MA Monteil","year":"2004","unstructured":"Monteil MA, Joseph G, Chang Kit C, Wheeler G, Antoine RM: Smoking at home is strongly associated with symptoms of asthma and rhinitis in children of primary school age in Trinidad and Tobago. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2004, 16 (3): 193-8.","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"251_CR16","unstructured":"Habbick BF, Pizzichini MM, Taylor B, Rennie D, Senthilselvan A, Sears MR: Prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema among children in 2 Canadian cities: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. CMAJ. 160 (13): 1824-8. 1999 Jun 29"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-5-96.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2458-5-96\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-5-96","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-5-96.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T22:56:01Z","timestamp":1630450561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2458-5-96"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,14]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-5-96","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2005","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2005","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2005","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"96"}}