{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T06:54:51Z","timestamp":1761807291290},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,16]],"date-time":"2006-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1155686400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>No one has ever reported or investigated the number of people who have been admitted to hospital for a water related incident. The purpose of this paper is to examine, the hospital activity resulting from such incidents including to length of stay, gender, age and cause.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The data was extracted from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) for episodes with a mention of ICD 10 (V90\u201394, W15\u201316, W65\u201374, X38, X92, Y21) for the years 1997\/8 to 2003\/4. Population based rates and relative risk were calculated using the most recent Census data for England (2001).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The 6,793 episodes resulted in a total of 32,520 bed days with an average of length of stay of 5.0 days. Males made up 73.7% (n = 5,006) of episodes and females 26.1% (n = 1,787). Annual trends peaked in 1999\u20132000 at a rate of 2.4 per 100,000 and have fluctuated on alternate years there after. In terms of relative risk males are at a 2.3 to 3.0 increased annual risk of being admitted compared to females, relating to a water event. The highest annual rates were observed within the 0 \u2013 14 age group, ranging from 3.1 to 4.2 episodes per 100,000.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Based on these findings, for every one drowning that occurs per year there are three hospital episodes. Each of the age groups identified within the study reported an increase in hospital episodes between 2002 \u2013 2003 and 2003 \u2013 2004, when considering the fatality information available it would appear that although fatalities are decreasing in the similar time period, hospital episodes are increasing.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>For the 0\u201314 age group, the cause of the injury had changed over the years, moving away from bath tub and swimming pool, to watercraft incidents (V91 \u2013 93). For the 15 \u2013 59 age group there had been a decline in the frequency of watercraft and water transport episodes, however, an increase in diving and jumping injury and incidents. In the over 60 age group water transport episodes remained the most frequent, with swimming pool related episodes declining and other specified drowning and submersion increasing.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>More work needs to be undertaken in regard to who is admitted to hospital, when where, and how to fill gaps in knowledge and highlight information that is critical to prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,16]],"date-time":"2006-08-16T18:16:03Z","timestamp":1155752163000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Water incident related hospital activity across England between 1997\/8 and 2003\/4: a retrospective descriptive study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Holly","family":"Henderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard C","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"507_CR1","volume-title":"Preventing Accidental Injury \u2013 Priorities for Action; Report to the Chief Medical Officer from the Accidental Injury Task Force","author":"Department of Health","year":"2002","unstructured":"Department of Health: Preventing Accidental Injury \u2013 Priorities for Action; Report to the Chief Medical Officer from the Accidental Injury Task Force. 2002, London: Stationary Office"},{"key":"507_CR2","volume-title":"Injury Prevention","author":"British Medical Association","year":"2001","unstructured":"British Medical Association: Injury Prevention. 2001, London: British Medical Association Board of Science and Education"},{"key":"507_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organisation Drowning Fact Sheet. 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