{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:08:57Z","timestamp":1791119337946,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,25]],"date-time":"2007-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,25]],"date-time":"2007-07-25T18:13:59Z","timestamp":1185387239000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["To what extent does IQ 'explain' socio-economic variations in function?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Hans","family":"Bosma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin PJ","family":"van Boxtel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gertrudis IJM","family":"Kempen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques ThM","family":"van Eijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelle","family":"Jolles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"790_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-003-0685-5","volume":"38","author":"GH Bain","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bain GH, Lemmon H, Teunisse S, Starr JM, Fox HC, Deary IJ, Whalley LJ: Quality of Life in healthy old age: relationships with childhood IQ, minor psychological symptoms and optimism. Soc Psychiat Psychiat Epidemiol. 2003, 38: 632-636. 10.1007\/s00127-003-0685-5.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiat Psychiat Epidemiol"},{"key":"790_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.86.1.130","volume":"86","author":"IJ Deary","year":"2004","unstructured":"Deary IJ, Whiteman MC, Starr JM, Whalley LJ, Fox HC: The impact of childhood intelligence on later life: following up the Scottish mental surveys of 1932 and 1947. J Personal Soc Psychol. 2004, 86: 130-147. 10.1037\/0022-3514.86.1.130.","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"key":"790_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38310.473565.8F","volume":"330","author":"D Gunnell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gunnell D, Magnusson PK, Rasmussen F: Low intelligence test scores in 18 year old men and risk of suicide: cohort study. Brit Med J. 2005, 330: 167-171. 10.1136\/bmj.38310.473565.8F.","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"790_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000088584.82822.86","volume":"65","author":"CL Hart","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hart CL, Taylor MD, Davey Smith G, Whalley LJ, Starr JM, Hole DJ, Wilson V, Deary IJ: Childhood IQ, social class, deprivation, and their relationships with mortality and morbidity risk in later life: prospective observational study linking the Scottish Mental Survey 1932 and the Midspan studies. Psychosom Med. 2003, 65: 877-883. 10.1097\/01.PSY.0000088584.82822.86.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"790_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh043","volume":"33","author":"D Kuh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kuh D, Richards M, Hardy R, Butterworth S, Wadsworth ME: Childhood cognitive ability and deaths up until middle age: a post-war birth cohort study. Int J Epidemiol. 2004, 33: 408-413. 10.1093\/ije\/dyh043.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"790_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2003.016444","volume":"58","author":"LT Martin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Martin LT, Fitzmaurice GM, Kindlon DJ, Buka SL: Cognitive performance in childhood and early adult illness: a prospective cohort study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004, 58: 674-679. 10.1136\/jech.2003.016444.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"790_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.9.681","volume":"57","author":"M Osler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Osler M, Andersen AM, Due P, Lund R, Damsgaard MT, Holstein BE: Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003, 57: 681-686. 10.1136\/jech.57.9.681.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"790_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/29.6.523","volume":"29","author":"JM Starr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Starr JM, Deary IJ, Lemmon H, Whalley LJ: Mental ability age 11 years and health status age 77 years. Age Ageing. 2000, 29: 523-528. 10.1093\/ageing\/29.6.523.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"790_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7290.819","volume":"322","author":"LJ Whalley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Whalley LJ, Deary IJ: Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to age 76. Brit Med J. 2001, 322: 819-10.1136\/bmj.322.7290.819.","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"790_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh095","volume":"33","author":"M Osler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Osler M, Batty GD: Commentary: influence of early life intelligence test performance on later health: do lower scoring children become less healthy adults?. Int J Epidemiol. 2004, 33: 414-415. 10.1093\/ije\/dyh095.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"790_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.86.1.174","volume":"86","author":"LS Gottfredson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gottfredson LS: Intelligence: is it the epidemiologists' elusive \"fundamental cause\" of social class inequalities in health?. J Personal Soc Psychol. 2004, 86: 174-199. 10.1037\/0022-3514.86.1.174.","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"key":"790_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00194-3","volume":"44","author":"M Marmot","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marmot M, Ryff CD, Bumpass LL, Shipley M, Marks NF: Social inequalities in health: next questions and converging evidence. Soc Sci Med. 1997, 44: 901-910. 10.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00194-3.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"790_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2004.01301001.x","volume":"13","author":"LS Gottfredson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gottfredson LS, Deary IJ: Intelligence Predicts Health and Longevity, but Why?. Cur Dir Psychol Sci. 2004, 13: 1-4. 10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2004.01301001.x.","journal-title":"Cur Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"790_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-4446.1999.00217.x","volume":"50","author":"R Bond","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bond R, Saunders P: Routes of success: influences on the occupational attainment of young British males. Brit J Sociol. 1999, 50: 217-249. 10.1111\/j.1468-4446.1999.00217.x.","journal-title":"Brit J Sociol"},{"key":"790_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi109","volume":"161","author":"A Singh-Manoux","year":"2005","unstructured":"Singh-Manoux A, Ferrie JE, Lynch JW, Marmot M: The role of cognitive ability (intelligence) in explaining the association between socioeconomic position and health: evidence from the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2005, 161: 831-839. 10.1093\/aje\/kwi109.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"790_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38723.660637.AE","volume":"332","author":"GD Batty","year":"2006","unstructured":"Batty GD, Der G, Macintyre S, Deary IJ: Does IQ explain socioeconomic inequalities in health? Evidence from a population based cohort study in the west of Scotland. British Medical Journal. 2006, 332: 580-584. 10.1136\/bmj.38723.660637.AE.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"790_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7351.1417","volume":"324","author":"A Garratt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Garratt A, Schmidt L, Mackintosh A, Fitzpatrick R: Quality of life measurement: bibliographic study of patient assessed health outcome measures. Brit Med J. 2002, 324: 1417-1421. 10.1136\/bmj.324.7351.1417.","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"790_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/37.4.433","volume":"37","author":"JW Rowe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rowe JW, Kahn RL: Successful aging. Gerontologist. 1997, 37: 433-440.","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"790_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(03)00286-7","volume":"58","author":"JM Najman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Najman JM, Aird R, Bor W, O'Callaghan M, Williams GM, Shuttlewood GJ: The generational transmission of socioeconomic inequalities in child cognitive development and emotional health. Soc Sci Med. 2004, 58: 1147-1158. 10.1016\/S0277-9536(03)00286-7.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"790_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.6.989","volume":"130","author":"SD Shenkin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shenkin SD, Starr JM, Deary IJ: Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: a systematic review. Psychol Bull. 2004, 130: 989-1013. 10.1037\/0033-2909.130.6.989.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"790_CR21","volume-title":"Maastricht Aging Study; Determinants of cognitive aging","author":"J Jolles","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jolles J, Houx PJ, Van Boxtel MPJ, Ponds RWHM: Maastricht Aging Study; Determinants of cognitive aging. 1994, Maastricht: Neuropsych Publishers"},{"key":"790_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M147","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/53A.2.M147","volume":"53","author":"MPJ Van Boxtel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Van Boxtel MPJ, Buntinx F, Houx PJ, Metsemakers JF, Knottnerus A, Jolles J: The relation between morbidity and cognitive performance in a normal aging population. J Gerontol: Med Sci. 1998, 53: M147-M154.","journal-title":"J Gerontol: Med Sci"},{"key":"790_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.128.3.280","volume":"128","author":"LR Derogatis","year":"1976","unstructured":"Derogatis LR, Rickels K, Rock AF: The SCL-90 and the MMPI: a step in the validation of a new self-report scale. Brit J Psychiat. 1976, 128: 280-289.","journal-title":"Brit J Psychiat"},{"issue":"2","key":"790_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879300600207","volume":"6","author":"SS Bassett","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bassett SS, Folstein MF: Memory complaint, memory performance, and psychiatric diagnosis: A community study. J Geriat Psychiat Neurol. 1993, 6 (2): 105-111.","journal-title":"J Geriat Psychiat Neurol"},{"key":"790_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.4.531","volume":"156","author":"MI Geerlings","year":"1999","unstructured":"Geerlings MI, Jonker C, Bouter LM, Ader HJ, Schmand B: Association between memory complaints and incident alzheimer's disease in elderly people with normal baseline cognition. Am J Psychiat. 1999, 156: 531-537.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiat"},{"key":"790_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.5.609","volume":"154","author":"PW Schofield","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schofield PW, Marder K, Dooneief G, Jacobs DM, Sano M, Stern Y: Association of subjective memory complaints with subsequent cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly individuals with baseline cognitive impairment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997, 154: 609-615.","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"790_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-089X(92)90017-B","volume":"21","author":"HBG Ganzeboom","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ganzeboom HBG, De Graaf PM, Treiman DJ: A Standard International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status. Soc Sci Res. 1992, 21: 1-56. 10.1016\/0049-089X(92)90017-B.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Res"},{"key":"790_CR28","volume-title":"Groninger Intelligentie Test: Handleiding [Groninger Intelligence Test: Manual]","author":"F Luteijn","year":"1983","unstructured":"Luteijn F, Van der Ploeg FAE: Groninger Intelligentie Test: Handleiding [Groninger Intelligence Test: Manual]. 1983, Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger"},{"issue":"2","key":"790_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.1967.tb01930.x","volume":"37","author":"RB Cattell","year":"1967","unstructured":"Cattell RB: The theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence checked at the 5\u20136 year-old level. Brit J Educ Psychol. 1967, 37 (2): 209-224.","journal-title":"Brit J Educ Psychol"},{"key":"790_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/03610730303710","volume":"29","author":"H Bosma","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bosma H, Van Boxtel MP, Ponds RW, Houx PJ, Burdorf A, Jolles J: Mental work demands protect against cognitive impairment: MAAS prospective cohort study. Exp Aging Res. 2003, 29: 33-45. 10.1080\/03610730303710.","journal-title":"Exp Aging Res"},{"key":"790_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90294-1","volume":"38","author":"LM Verbrugge","year":"1994","unstructured":"Verbrugge LM, Jette AM: The disablement process. Soc Sci Med. 1994, 38: 1-14. 10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90294-1.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"790_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7223.1469","volume":"319","author":"H Bosma","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bosma H, Schrijvers C, Mackenbach JP: Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and importance of perceived control: cohort study. Brit Med J. 1999, 319: 1469-1470.","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"790_CR33","first-page":"223","volume":"11","author":"H Bosma","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bosma H, Van Boxtel M, Kempen G, Van Eijk J, Jolles J: Why are lower social classes more depressed and anxious? Findings from the Maastricht Aging Study (MAAS). Int J Behav Med. 2004, 11: 223-","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"790_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7466.585","volume":"329","author":"GD Batty","year":"2004","unstructured":"Batty GD, Deary IJ: Early life intelligence and adult health. Brit Med J. 2004, 329: 585-586. 10.1136\/bmj.329.7466.585.","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"790_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.048215","volume":"61","author":"GD Batty","year":"2007","unstructured":"Batty GD, Deary IJ, Macintyre S: Childhood IQ in relation to risk factors for premature mortality in middle-aged persons: the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007, 61: 241-247. 10.1136\/jech.2006.048215.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"790_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803279","volume":"30","author":"T Chandola","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chandola T, Deary IJ, Blane D, Batty GD: Childhood IQ in relation to obesity and weight gain in adult life: the National Child Development (1958) Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006, 30: 1422-1432. 10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803279.","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"790_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.6.464","volume":"57","author":"MD Taylor","year":"2003","unstructured":"Taylor MD, Hart CL, Davey Smith G, Starr JM, Hole DJ, Whalley LJ, Wilson V, Deary IJ: Childhood mental ability and smoking cessation in adulthood: prospective observational study linking the Scottish Mental Survey 1932 and the Midspan studies. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003, 57: 464-465. 10.1136\/jech.57.6.464.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"790_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","volume":"9","author":"MP Lawton","year":"1969","unstructured":"Lawton MP, Brody EM: Assessment of older people: self-maintaining -and Instrument Activities of Daily living. Gerontologist. 1969, 9: 179-186.","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"790_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000234032.77541.a2","volume":"67","author":"AJ Saykin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saykin AJ, Wishart HA, Rabin LA, Santulli RB, Flashman LA, West JD, McHugh TL, Mamourian AC: Older adults with cognitive complaints show brain atrophy similar to that of amnestic MCI. Neurol. 2006, 67: 834-842. 10.1212\/01.wnl.0000234032.77541.a2.","journal-title":"Neurol"},{"key":"790_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.21.2.165","volume":"21","author":"SA Valentijn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Valentijn SA, Hill RD, Van Hooren SA, Bosma H, Van Boxtel MP, Jolles J, Ponds RW: Memory self-efficacy predicts memory performance: results from a 6-year follow-up study. Psychol Aging. 2006, 21: 165-172. 10.1037\/0882-7974.21.2.165.","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"key":"790_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1487","volume":"21","author":"ME Mol","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mol ME, van Boxtel MP, Willems D, Jolles J: Do subjective memory complaints predict cognitive dysfunction over time? A six-year follow-up of the Maastricht Aging Study. Int J Geriatric Psychiat. 2006, 21: 432-441. 10.1002\/gps.1487.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatric Psychiat"},{"key":"790_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00473-5","volume":"55","author":"CE Van Beijsterveldt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Van Beijsterveldt CE, van Boxtel MP, Bosma H, Houx PJ, Buntinx F, Jolles J: Predictors of attrition in a longitudinal cognitive aging study: the Maastricht Aging Study (MAAS). J Clin Epidemiol. 2002, 55: 216-223. 10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00473-5.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"790_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl046","volume":"35","author":"L Kauhanen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kauhanen L, Lakka HM, Lynch JW, Kauhanen J: Social disadvantages in childhood and risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular disease in later life: a comparison of historical and retrospective childhood information. Int J Epidemiol. 2006, 35: 962-968. 10.1093\/ije\/dyl046.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"790_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007625030509","volume":"16","author":"KA Walton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Walton KA, Murray LJ, Gallagher AM, Cran GW, Savage MJ, Boreham C: Parental recall of birthweight: a good proxy for recorded birthweight?. Eur J Epidemiol. 2000, 16: 793-796. 10.1023\/A:1007625030509.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"790_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5478.399","volume":"289","author":"RJ Sternberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sternberg RJ, Cognition: The holey grail of general intelligence. Science. 2000, 289: 399-401. 10.1126\/science.289.5478.399.","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2458-7-179\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-7-179.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-7-179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2458-7-179.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T01:47:31Z","timestamp":1708134451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2458-7-179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,25]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-7-179","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,25]]},"article-number":"179"}}