{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T01:23:23Z","timestamp":1771550603254,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]],"date-time":"2013-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-13-36","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,5]],"date-time":"2013-06-05T00:15:19Z","timestamp":1370391319000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Association of genes of protease-antiprotease balance pathway to lung function and emphysema subtypes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mari K","family":"Kukkonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmi","family":"Tiili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tapio","family":"Vehmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panu","family":"Oksa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"Piiril\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Hirvonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"407_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00040703","volume":"22","author":"PJ Barnes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barnes PJ, Shapiro SD, Pauwels RA: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: molecular and cellular mechanisms. Eur Respir J. 2003, 22: 672-688. 10.1183\/09031936.03.00040703.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"407_CR2","first-page":"361","volume":"12","author":"RT Abboud","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abboud RT, Vimalanathan S: Pathogenesis of COPD. Part I. The role of protease-antiprotease imbalance in emphysema. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008, 12: 361-367.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"407_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2004.08.013","volume":"35","author":"JF Tomashefski Jr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tomashefski JF, Crystal RG, Wiedemann HP, Mascha E, Stoller JK: The bronchopulmonary pathology of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency: findings of the Death Review Committee of the national registry for individuals with Severe Deficiency of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin. Hum Pathol. 2004, 35: 1452-1461. 10.1016\/j.humpath.2004.08.013.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"407_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200603-070MS","volume":"3","author":"D DeMeo","year":"2006","unstructured":"DeMeo D, Mariani T, Lange C, Lake S, Litonjua A, Celedon J, Reilly J, Chapman HA, Sparrow D, Spira A, et al: The SERPINE2 gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006, 3: 502-10.1513\/pats.200603-070MS.","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"407_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200611-1723OC","volume":"176","author":"G Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu G, Warren L, Aponte J, Gulsvik A, Bakke P, Anderson WH, Lomas DA, Silverman EK, Pillai SG: The SERPINE2 gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in two large populations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007, 176: 167-173. 10.1164\/rccm.200611-1723OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"407_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-11-159","volume":"11","author":"K Fujimoto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fujimoto K, Ikeda S, Arai T, Tanaka N, Kumasaka T, Ishii T, Kida K, Muramatsu M, Sawabe M: Polymorphism of SERPINE2 gene is associated with pulmonary emphysema in consecutive autopsy cases. BMC Med Genet. 2010, 11: 159-10.1186\/1471-2350-11-159.","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"407_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00173009","volume":"37","author":"WJ Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim WJ, Hoffman E, Reilly J, Hersh C, Demeo D, Washko G, Silverman EK: Association of COPD candidate genes with computed tomography emphysema and airway phenotypes in severe COPD. Eur Respir J. 2011, 37: 39-43. 10.1183\/09031936.00173009.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"407_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-12-157","volume":"12","author":"MK Kukkonen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kukkonen MK, Tiili E, H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen S, Vehmas T, Oksa P, Piiril\u00e4 P, Hirvonen A: SERPINE2 haplotype as a risk factor for panlobular type of emphysema. BMC Med Genet. 2011, 12: 157-10.1186\/1471-2350-12-157.","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"407_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90391-O","volume":"71","author":"J D\u2019Armiento","year":"1992","unstructured":"D\u2019Armiento J, Dalal SS, Okada Y, Berg RA, Chada K: Collagenase expression in the lungs of transgenic mice causes pulmonary emphysema. Cell. 1992, 71: 955-961. 10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90391-O.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"407_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1149","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00481.2007","volume":"294","author":"R Foronjy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Foronjy R, Nkyimbeng T, Wallace A, Thankachen J, Okada Y, Lemaitre V, D'Armiento J: Transgenic expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 causes adult-onset emphysema in mice associated with the loss of alveolar elastin. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008, 294: L1149-1157. 10.1152\/ajplung.00481.2007.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"407_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5334.2002","volume":"277","author":"RD Hautam\u00e4ki","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hautam\u00e4ki RD, Kobayashi DK, Senior RM, Shapiro SD: Requirement for macrophage elastase for cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. Science. 1997, 277: 2002-2004. 10.1126\/science.277.5334.2002.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"407_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200506-953OC","volume":"172","author":"I Ito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ito I, Nagai S, Handa T, Muro S, Hirai T, Tsukino M, Mishima M: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 promoter polymorphism associated with upper lung dominant emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005, 172: 1378-1382. 10.1164\/rccm.200506-953OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"407_CR13","first-page":"267","volume":"1","author":"Y Tesfaigzi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tesfaigzi Y, Myers OB, Stidley CA, Schwalm K, Picchi M, Crowell RE, Gilliland FD, Belinsky SA: Genotypes in matrix metalloproteinase 9 are a risk factor for COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2006, 1: 267-278.","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"407_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-11-7","volume":"11","author":"I Haq","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haq I, Chappell S, Johnson SR, Lotya J, Daly L, Morgan K, Guetta-Baranes T, Roca J, Rabinovich R, Millar AB, et al: Association of MMP-12 polymorphisms with severe and very severe COPD: a case control study of MMPs-1, 9 and 12 in a European population. BMC Med Genet. 2010, 11: 7-","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"407_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904006","volume":"361","author":"GM Hunninghake","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hunninghake GM, Cho MH, Tesfaigzi Y, Soto-Quiros ME, Avila L, Lasky-Su J, Stidley C, Melen E, Soderhall C, Hallberg J, et al: MMP12, lung function, and COPD in high-risk populations. N Engl J Med. 2009, 361: 2599-2608. 10.1056\/NEJMoa0904006.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"407_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00102101","volume":"18","author":"K Hirano","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hirano K, Sakamoto T, Uchida Y, Morishima Y, Masuyama K, Ishii Y, Nomura A, Ohtsuka M, Sekizawa K: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 gene polymorphisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2001, 18: 748-752. 10.1183\/09031936.01.00102101.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"407_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.05.017","volume":"99","author":"AE Hegab","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hegab AE, Sakamoto T, Uchida Y, Nomura A, Ishii Y, Morishima Y, Mochizuki M, Kimura T, Saitoh W, Kiwamoto T, et al: Association analysis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase2 gene polymorphisms with COPD in Egyptians. Respir Med. 2005, 99: 107-110. 10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.05.017.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"407_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200212-1396OC","volume":"167","author":"A Churg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Churg A, Wang RD, Tai H, Wang X, Xie C, Dai J, Shapiro SD, Wright JL: Macrophage metalloelastase mediates acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammation via tumor necrosis factor-alpha release. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003, 167: 1083-1089. 10.1164\/rccm.200212-1396OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"407_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01413","volume":"422","author":"DG Morris","year":"2003","unstructured":"Morris DG, Huang X, Kaminski N, Wang Y, Shapiro SD, Dolganov G, Glick A, Sheppard D: Loss of integrin alpha(v)beta6-mediated TGF-beta activation causes Mmp12-dependent emphysema. Nature. 2003, 422: 169-173. 10.1038\/nature01413.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"407_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200410-1349OC","volume":"171","author":"LK Lundblad","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lundblad LK, Thompson-Figueroa J, Leclair T, Sullivan MJ, Poynter ME, Irvin CG, Bates JH: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha overexpression in lung disease: a single cause behind a complex phenotype. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005, 171: 1363-1370. 10.1164\/rccm.200410-1349OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"407_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh171","volume":"13","author":"JC Celedon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Celedon JC, Lange C, Raby BA, Litonjua AA, Palmer LJ, DeMeo DL, Reilly JJ, Kwiatkowski DJ, Chapman HA, Laird N, et al: The transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFB1) gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hum Mol Genet. 2004, 13: 1649-1656. 10.1093\/hmg\/ddh171.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"407_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00100307","volume":"31","author":"MR Gingo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gingo MR, Silveira LJ, Miller YE, Friedlander AL, Cosgrove GP, Chan ED, Maier LA, Bowler RP: Tumour necrosis factor gene polymorphisms are associated with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2008, 31: 1005-1012. 10.1183\/09031936.00100307.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"407_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.1116","volume":"47","author":"M Ito","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ito M, Hanaoka M, Droma Y, Hatayama O, Sato E, Katsuyama Y, Fujimoto K, Ota M: The association of transforming growth factor beta 1 gene polymorphisms with the emphysema phenotype of COPD in Japanese. Intern Med. 2008, 47: 1387-1394. 10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.1116.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"407_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-30","volume":"11","author":"MH Cho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cho MH, Washko GR, Hoffmann TJ, Criner GJ, Hoffman EA, Martinez FJ, Laird N, Reilly JJ, Silverman EK: Cluster analysis in severe emphysema subjects using phenotype and genotype data: an exploratory investigation. Respir Res. 2010, 11: 30-10.1186\/1465-9921-11-30.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"407_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp519","volume":"19","author":"PJ Castaldi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Castaldi PJ, Cho MH, Cohn M, Langerman F, Moran S, Tarragona N, Moukhachen H, Venugopal R, Hasimja D, Kao E, et al: The COPD genetic association compendium: a comprehensive online database of COPD genetic associations. Hum Mol Genet. 2010, 19: 526-534. 10.1093\/hmg\/ddp519.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"407_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01879.x","volume":"16","author":"S Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang S, Wang C, Xi B, Li X: Association between the tumour necrosis factor-alpha-308G\/A polymorphism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an update. Respirology. 2011, 16: 107-115. 10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01879.x.","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"407_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200810-1576PP","volume":"179","author":"W Janssens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Janssens W, Lehouck A, Carremans C, Bouillon R, Mathieu C, Decramer M: Vitamin D beyond bones in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: time to act. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009, 179: 630-636. 10.1164\/rccm.200810-1576PP.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"407_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.120659","volume":"65","author":"W Janssens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Janssens W, Bouillon R, Claes B, Carremans C, Lehouck A, Buysschaert I, Coolen J, Mathieu C, Decramer M, Lambrechts D: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in COPD and correlates with variants in the vitamin D-binding gene. Thorax. 2010, 65: 215-220. 10.1136\/thx.2009.120659.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"407_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.140921","volume":"66","author":"AM Wood","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wood AM, Bassford C, Webster D, Newby P, Rajesh P, Stockley RA, Thickett DR: Vitamin D-binding protein contributes to COPD by activation of alveolar macrophages. Thorax. 2011, 66: 205-210. 10.1136\/thx.2010.140921.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"407_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.46.266","volume":"46","author":"O Huuskonen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Huuskonen O, Kivisaari L, Zitting A, Kaleva S, Vehmas T: Emphysema findings associated with heavy asbestos-exposure in high resolution computed tomography of finnish construction workers. J Occup Health. 2004, 46: 266-271. 10.1539\/joh.46.266.","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"key":"407_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.847","volume":"31","author":"P Piiril\u00e4","year":"2005","unstructured":"Piiril\u00e4 P, Lindqvist M, Huuskonen O, Kaleva S, Koskinen H, Lehtola H, Vehmas T, Kivisaari L, Sovij\u00e4rvi AR: Impairment of lung function in asbestos-exposed workers in relation to high-resolution computed tomography. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2005, 31: 44-51. 10.5271\/sjweh.847.","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"407_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00073606","volume":"29","author":"T Vierikko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vierikko T, J\u00e4rvenp\u00e4\u00e4 R, Autti T, Oksa P, Huuskonen M, Kaleva S, Laurikka J, Kajander S, Paakkola K, Saarelainen S, et al: Chest CT screening of asbestos-exposed workers: lung lesions and incidental findings. Eur Respir J. 2007, 29: 78-84.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"407_CR33","volume-title":"High-resolution CT of the lung","author":"W Webb","year":"1996","unstructured":"Webb W, M\u00fcller N, Naidich D: High-resolution CT of the lung. 1996, Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 2","edition":"2"},{"key":"407_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"159","author":"AA Viljanen","year":"1982","unstructured":"Viljanen AA: Reference values for spirometric, pulmonary diffusing capacity and body plethysmographic studies. Scand J Clin Invest Suppl. 1982, 159: 1-50.","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Invest Suppl"},{"key":"407_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1183\/09041950.005s1693","volume":"16","author":"PH Quanjer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Quanjer PH, Tammeling GJ, Cotes JE, Pedersen OF, Peslin R, Yernault JC: Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows. Report Working Party Standardization of Lung Function Tests, European Community for Steel and Coal. Official Statement of the European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J Suppl. 1993, 16: 5-40.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J Suppl"},{"key":"407_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.12.012","volume":"75","author":"CN Andreassen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andreassen CN, Alsner J, Overgaard J, Herskind C, Haviland J, Owen R, Homewood J, Bliss J, Yarnold J: TGFB1 polymorphisms are associated with risk of late normal tissue complications in the breast after radiotherapy for early breast cancer. Radiother Oncol. 2005, 75: 18-21. 10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.12.012.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"407_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.5.569","volume":"11","author":"L Joos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Joos L, He JQ, Shepherdson MB, Connett JE, Anthonisen NR, Pare PD, Sandford AJ: The role of matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms in the rate of decline in lung function. Hum Mol Genet. 2002, 11: 569-576. 10.1093\/hmg\/11.5.569.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"407_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.2.223","volume":"41","author":"S Ozen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ozen S, Alikasifoglu M, Bakkaloglu A, Duzova A, Jarosova K, Nemcova D, Besbas N, Vencovsky J, Tuncbilek E: Tumour necrosis factor alpha G\u2013\u2009>\u2009A \u2212238 and G\u2013\u2009>\u2009A \u2212308 polymorphisms in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2002, 41: 223-227. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.2.223.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"407_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth457","volume":"21","author":"JC Barrett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barrett JC, Fry B, Maller J, Daly MJ: Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps. Bioinformatics. 2005, 21: 263-265. 10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth457.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"407_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1086\/379378","volume":"73","author":"M Stephens","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stephens M, Donnelly P: A comparison of bayesian methods for haplotype reconstruction from population genotype data. Am J Hum Genet. 2003, 73: 1162-1169. 10.1086\/379378.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"407_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000284926","volume":"80","author":"SY Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee SY, Kim MJ, Kang HG, Yoo SS, Choi YY, Lee WK, Cha SI, Kim CH, Jung TH, Park JY: Polymorphisms in matrix metalloproteinase-1, -9 and \u221212 genes and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Korean population. Respiration. 2010, 80: 133-138. 10.1159\/000284926.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"407_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000410743.98087.12","volume":"17","author":"E Mocchegiani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mocchegiani E, Giacconi R, Costarelli L: Metalloproteases\/anti-metalloproteases imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: genetic factors and treatment implications. Curr Opin Pulm Med Suppl. 2011, 17: S11-19.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med Suppl"},{"key":"407_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.1.7599834","volume":"152","author":"R Finkelstein","year":"1995","unstructured":"Finkelstein R, Ma HD, Ghezzo H, Whittaker K, Fraser RS, Cosio MG: Morphometry of small airways in smokers and its relationship to emphysema type and hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995, 152: 267-276. 10.1164\/ajrccm.152.1.7599834.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"407_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.3.725","volume":"120","author":"K Satoh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Satoh K, Kobayashi T, Misao T, Hitani Y, Yamamoto Y, Nishiyama Y, Ohkawa M: CT assessment of subtypes of pulmonary emphysema in smokers. Chest. 2001, 120: 725-729. 10.1378\/chest.120.3.725.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"407_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00035205","volume":"26","author":"R Pellegrino","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Hankinson J, et al: Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J. 2005, 26: 948-968. 10.1183\/09031936.05.00035205.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"407_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D820","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm904","volume":"36","author":"PH Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee PH, Shatkay H: F-SNP: computationally predicted functional SNPs for disease association studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008, 36: D820-824.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"407_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(97)00052-7","volume":"34","author":"KM Kroeger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kroeger KM, Carville KS, Abraham LJ: The \u2212308 tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter polymorphism effects transcription. Mol Immunol. 1997, 34: 391-399. 10.1016\/S0161-5890(97)00052-7.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"407_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-511OC","volume":"170","author":"A Churg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Churg A, Wang RD, Tai H, Wang X, Xie C, Wright JL: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha drives 70% of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in the mouse. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004, 170: 492-498. 10.1164\/rccm.200404-511OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"407_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00010","volume":"1","author":"KJ Rothman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rothman KJ: No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology. 1990, 1: 43-46. 10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00010.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2466-13-36\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2466-13-36.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2466-13-36","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2466-13-36.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T04:00:09Z","timestamp":1548216009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2466-13-36"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2466-13-36","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]]},"article-number":"36"}}