{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:35:37Z","timestamp":1791254137507,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Multiple studies have linked fungal exposure to asthma, but the link to severe asthma is controversial. We studied the relationship between asthma severity and immediate type hypersensitivity to mold (fungal) and non-mold allergens in 181 asthmatic subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>We recruited asthma patients aged 16 to 60 years at a University hospital and a nearby General Practice. Patients were categorized according to the lifetime number of hospital admissions for asthma (82 never admitted, 53 one admission, 46 multiple admissions). All subjects had allergy skin prick tests performed for 5 mold allergens (<jats:italic>Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>) and 4 other common inhalant allergens (<jats:italic>D. pteronyssinus<\/jats:italic>, Grass Pollen, Cat and Dog).<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Skin reactivity to all allergens was commonest in the group with multiple admissions. This trend was strongest for mold allergens and dog allergen and weakest for <jats:italic>D. pteronyssinus<\/jats:italic>. 76% of patients with multiple admissions had at least one positive mold skin test compared with 16%-19% of other asthma patients; (Chi squared p &lt; 0.0001). Multiple mold reactions were also much commoner in the group with multiple admissions (50% V 5% and 6%; p &lt; 0.0001). The number of asthma admissions was related to the number and size of positive mold skin allergy tests (Spearman Correlation Coefficient r = 0.60, p &lt; 0.0001) and less strongly correlated to the number and size of non-mold allergy tests (r = 0.34, p = 0.0005). Hospital admissions for asthma patients aged 16\u201340 were commonest during the mold spore season (July to October) whereas admissions of patients aged above 40 peaked in November-February (Chi Squared, p &lt; 0.02).<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>These findings support previous suggestions that mold sensitization may be associated with severe asthma attacks requiring hospital admission.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-5-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,19]],"date-time":"2005-02-19T07:25:37Z","timestamp":1108797937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Mold sensitization is common amongst patients with severe asthma requiring multiple hospital admissions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"B Ronan","family":"O'Driscoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda C","family":"Hopkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W","family":"Denning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"30_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12051209","volume":"12","author":"PJ Barnes","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barnes PJ, Woolcock AJ: Difficult asthma. Eur Respir J. 1998, 12: 1209-18. 10.1183\/09031936.98.12051209.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"30_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.96.6.1336","volume":"96","author":"JN Kalliel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kalliel JN, Goldstein BM, Braman SS, Settipane GA: High frequency ofatopic asthma in a pulmonary clinic population. Chest. 1989, 96: 1336-40.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"30_CR3","first-page":"311","volume":"49","author":"FA Herbert","year":"1982","unstructured":"Herbert FA, Weimer N, Salkine ML: RAST and skin tests in the investigation of asthma. Ann Allergy. 1982, 49: 311-14.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"30_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198902023200502","volume":"320","author":"B Burrows","year":"1989","unstructured":"Burrows B, Martinez FD, Halonen M, Barbee RA, Cline MG: Association of asthma with serum IgE levels and skin test reactivity to common allergens. N Engl J Med. 1989, 320: 271-277.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"30_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03254.x","volume":"25","author":"J Miles","year":"1995","unstructured":"Miles J, Cayton R, Ayres J: Atopic status in patients with brittle and non-brittle asthma: a case- control study. Clint Exp Allergy. 1995, 25: 1074-82.","journal-title":"Clint Exp Allergy"},{"key":"30_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199102073240602","volume":"324","author":"MT O'Hollaren","year":"1991","unstructured":"O'Hollaren MT, Yunginger JW, Offord KP, Somers MJ, O'Connell EJ, Ballard DJ, Sachs MI: Exposure to an aeroallergen as a possible precipitating factor in respiratory arrest in young patients with asthma. N Engl J Med. 1991, 324: 359-63.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"30_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70095-1","volume":"95","author":"PV Targonski","year":"1995","unstructured":"Targonski PV, Persky VW, Ramekrishnan V: Effect of environmental molds on risk of death from asthma during the pollen season. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995, 95: 955-61.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"30_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105622","volume":"105","author":"RJ Delfino","year":"1997","unstructured":"Delfino RJ, Zeiger RS, Seltzer JM, Street DH, Matteucci RM, Anderson PR, Koutrakis P: The effect of outdoor fungal spore concentrations on dailyasthma severity. Environ Health Perspect. 1997, 105: 622-35.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"30_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008818","volume":"143","author":"LM Neas","year":"1996","unstructured":"Neas LM, Dockery DW, Burge H, Koutrakis P, Speizer FE: Fungus spores, Air Pollutants and Other Determinants of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Children. Am J Epidemiol. 1996, 143: 797-807.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"30_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(71)90091-1","volume":"48","author":"J Salvaggio","year":"1971","unstructured":"Salvaggio J, Seabury J, Schoenhardt E: New Orleans Asthma V. Relationship between Charity Hospital admission rates, semiquantitative pollen and fungal spore counts and total particulate aerometric sampling data. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1971, 48: 96-114.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"30_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.57.11.786","volume":"57","author":"R Newson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Newson R, Strachan D, Corden J, Millington W: Fungal and other spore counts as predictors of admissions for asthma in the Trent region. Occup Environ Med. 2000, 57: 786-92. 10.1136\/oem.57.11.786.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"30_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.4.9105079","volume":"155","author":"M Halonen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Halonen M, Stern DA, Wright AL, Taussig LM, Martinez FD: Alternaria as a major allergen for asthma in children raised in a desert environment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997, 155: 1356-61.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"30_CR13","first-page":"8","volume":"40","author":"FD Martinez","year":"1997","unstructured":"Martinez FD: Progression of asthma from childhood to adolescence. Eur Respir Rev. 1997, 40: 8-10.","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"30_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70287-3","volume":"104","author":"HS Nelson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nelson HS, Szefler SJ, Jacobs J, Huss K, Shapiro G, Sternberg AL: The relationships among environmental allergen sensitization, allergen exposure, pulmonary function and bronchial hyperresponsivenes in the Chidhood Asthma Management Program. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999, 104: 775-85.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"30_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00258.x","volume":"23","author":"JK Peat","year":"1993","unstructured":"Peat JK, Tovey E, Mellis CM, Leeder SR, Woolcock AJ: Importance of house dust mite and Alternaria allergens in childhood asthma: an epidemiological study in two climatic regions of Australia. Clin Exp Allergy. 1993, 23: 812-20.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"30_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7361.411","volume":"325","author":"M Zureik","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zureik M, Neukirch C, Leynaert B, Liard R, Bousquet J, Neukirch F: Sensitisation to airborne moulds and severity of asthma: cross sectional study from European Community respiratory health survey. BMJ. 2002, 325: 411-5. 10.1136\/bmj.325.7361.411.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"30_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00293.x","volume":"55","author":"PN Black","year":"2000","unstructured":"Black PN, Udy AA, Brodie SM: Sensitivity to fungal allergens is a risk factor for life-threatening asthma. Allergy. 2000, 55: 501-504. 10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00293.x.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"30_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6689.1673","volume":"298","author":"SD Platt","year":"1989","unstructured":"Platt SD, Martin CJ, Hunt SM, Lewis CW: Damp housing, mould growth, and symptomatic health state. B M J. 1989, 298: 1673-78.","journal-title":"B M J"},{"key":"30_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.3.229","volume":"52","author":"IJ Williamson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Williamson IJ, Martin CJ, McGill G, Monie RD, Fennerty AG: Damp housing and asthma; a case-control study. Thorax. 1997, 52: 229-34.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"30_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6439.233","volume":"289","author":"A Khot","year":"1984","unstructured":"Khot A, Burn R: Seasonal variation and time trends of deaths from asthma in England and Wales 1960\u201382. B M J. 1984, 289: 233-4.","journal-title":"B M J"},{"key":"30_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7131.607","volume":"316","author":"D Jarvis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jarvis D, Burney P: The epidemiology of allergic disease. Brit Med J. 1998, 316: 607-10.","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"30_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1981.tb02182.x","volume":"11","author":"PF Jenkins","year":"1981","unstructured":"Jenkins PF, Mullins JK, Davies BH, Williams DA: The possible role of aero-allergens in the epidemic of asthma deaths. Clin Allergy. 1981, 11: 611-20.","journal-title":"Clin Allergy"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"30_CR23","first-page":"S1","volume":"52","author":"British Thoracic Society","year":"1997","unstructured":"British Thoracic Society: The British Guidelines on Asthma Management: 1995 Review and Position Statement. Thorax. 1997, 52 (Suppl): S1-S21.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"Suppl 10","key":"30_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"44","author":"Sub-Committee on Skin Tests of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sub-Committee on Skin Tests of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology: Skin tests used in type 1 allergy testing; Position paper. Allergy. 1989, 44 (Suppl 10): 1-59.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"30_CR25","first-page":"897","volume-title":"Clin Exp Allergy","author":"R Sporik","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sporik R, Chapman MD, Platts-Mills TAE: House dust mite exposure as a cause of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 1992, 897-906."},{"key":"30_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(81)90131-7","volume":"68","author":"J Salvaggio","year":"1981","unstructured":"Salvaggio J, Aukrust L: Mold-induced asthma. J All Clin Immunol. 1981, 68: 327-46. 10.1016\/0091-6749(81)90131-7.","journal-title":"J All Clin Immunol"},{"key":"30_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1981.tb01819.x","volume":"36","author":"LS Larsen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Larsen LS: A three-year survey of microfungi in the air of Copenhagen 1977\u201379. Allergy. 1981, 36: 15-22.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"30_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63214-0","volume":"78","author":"AP Verhoeff","year":"1997","unstructured":"Verhoeff AP, Burge HA: Health risk of fungi in home environments. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997, 78: 544-54.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"30_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.12.1035","volume":"53","author":"T Nicolai","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nicolai T, Illi S, von Mutius E: Effect of dampness at home in childhood on bronchial hyperreactivity in adolescence. Thorax. 1998, 53: 1035-40.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"30_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1999.tb01054.x","volume":"88","author":"T Taskinen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Taskinen T, Hyvarinen A, Meklin T, Husman T, Nevalainen A, Korppi M: Asthma and respiratory infections in school children with special reference to moisture and mold problems in the school. Acta Paediatr. 1999, 88: 1373-79. 10.1080\/080352599750030112.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"30_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(84)90223-9","volume":"74","author":"PA Greenberger","year":"1984","unstructured":"Greenberger PA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984, 74: 645-53.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"30_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.85.5.699","volume":"85","author":"K Akiyama","year":"1984","unstructured":"Akiyama K, Mathison DA, Riker JB, Greenberger PA, Patterson R: Allergic bronchopulmonary candidiasis. Chest. 1984, 85: 699-701.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"30_CR33","first-page":"589","volume":"1","author":"GW Ward","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ward GW, Karlsson G, Rose G, Platts-Mills TAE: Trichophyton asthma: sensitization of bronchi and upper airways to dermatophyte antigen. Lancet. 1989, 1: 589-62.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"30_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.6.9702087","volume":"156","author":"S Hemmann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hemmann S, Blaser K, Crameri R: Allergens of Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida boidinii share IgE-binding epitopes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997, 156: 1956-62.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"30_CR35","unstructured":"Kurup VP, Cremeri R: Aspergillus antigens. Posted January 13th 2001, [http:\/\/www.aspergillus.man.ac.uk\/secure\/articles]"},{"key":"30_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.106210","volume":"105","author":"HF Kauffman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kauffman HF, Tomee JF, van de Riet MA, Timmerman AJ, Borger P: Protease-dependent activation of epithelial cells by fungal allergens leads to morphologic changes and cytokine production. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000, 105: 1185-93. 10.1067\/mai.2000.106210.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"30_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1998.00255.x","volume":"28","author":"MH Garrett","year":"1998","unstructured":"Garrett MH, Rayment PR, Hooper MA, Abramson MJ, Hooper BM: Indoor airborne fungal spores, house dampness and associations with environmental factors and respiratory health in children. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998, 28: 459-67. 10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1998.00255.x.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"30_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1992.tb05093.x","volume":"47","author":"AP Verhoeff","year":"1992","unstructured":"Verhoeff AP, van Wijnen JH, Brunekreef B, Fischer P, van Reenen-Hoekstra ES, Samson RA: Presence of viable mould propagules in outdoor air in relation to house damp and outdoor air. Allergy. 1992, 47: 83-91.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"30_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62943-2","volume":"80","author":"R Corsico","year":"1998","unstructured":"Corsico R, Cinti B, Feliziani V, Gallesio MT, Liccardi G, Loreti A, Lugo G, Marcucci F, Marcer G, Meriggi A, Minelli M, Gherson G, Nardi G, Negrini AC, Piu G, Passaleva A, Pozzan M, D'Ambrosio FP, Venuti A, Zanon P, Zerboni R: Prevalence of sensitization to Alternaria in allergic patients in Italy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1998, 80: 71-76.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2466-5-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2466-5-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2466-5-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2466-5-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:26:06Z","timestamp":1728303966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2466-5-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["30"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2466-5-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 February 2004","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2005","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2005","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"4"}}