{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:56:18Z","timestamp":1790477778457,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,7]],"date-time":"2006-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1144368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Symptomatic respiratory tract involvement is not common in Crohn's disease. Upper-airway obstruction has been reported before in Crohn's disease and usually responds well to steroid treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We report a case of a 32-year old patient with Crohn's disease who presented with progressively worsening dyspnea on exertion. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the chest and bronchoscopy revealed severe tracheal stenosis and marked inflammation of tracheal mucosa. Histopathology of the lesion showed acute and chronic inflammation and extended ulceration of bronchial mucosa, without granulomas. Tracheal stenosis was attributed to Crohn's disease after exclusion of other possible causes and oral and inhaled steroids were administered. Despite steroid treatment, tracheal stenosis persisted and only mild symptomatic improvement was noted after 8 months of therapy. The patient subsequently underwent rigid bronchoscopy with successful dilatation and ablation of the stenosed areas and remission of her symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Respiratory involvement in Crohn's disease might be more common than appreciated. Interventional pulmonology techniques should be considered in cases of tracheal stenosis due to Crohn's disease refractory to steroid treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-6-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,20]],"date-time":"2006-04-20T14:30:09Z","timestamp":1145543409000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Severe airway stenosis associated with Crohn's disease: Case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Plataki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Tzortzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Lambiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elpida","family":"Giannikaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos M","family":"Siafakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"46_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199372030-00003","volume":"72","author":"PH Camus","year":"1993","unstructured":"Camus PH, Piard F, Ashcroft TH, Gal AA, Colby TV: The lung in inflammatory bowel disease. Medicine. 1993, 72: 151-183.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"46_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1976.03630040056012","volume":"136","author":"SC Kraft","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kraft SC, Earle RH, Roesler M, Esterly JR: Unexplained bronchopulmonary disease with inflammatory bowel disease. Arch Intern Med. 1976, 136: 454-459. 10.1001\/archinte.136.4.454.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"46_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00.15120900","volume":"15","author":"T Kuzniar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kuzniar T, Sleiman C, Brugiere O, Groussard O, Mal H, Mellot F, Pariente R, Malolepszy J, Fournier M: Severe tracheobronchial stenosis in a patient with Crohn's disease. Eur Respir J. 2000, 15: 209-212. 10.1183\/09031936.00.15120900.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"46_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.02.004","volume":"69","author":"KA Ahmed","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ahmed KA, Thompson JW, Joyner RE, Stocks RM: Airway obstruction secondary to tracheobronchial involvement of asymptomatic undiagnosed Crohn's disease in a pediatric patient. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005, 69: 1003-1005.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"46_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200112000-00015","volume":"13","author":"MT Henry","year":"2001","unstructured":"Henry MT, Davidson LA, Cooke NJ: Tracheobronchial involvement with Crohn's disease. Eur J Gasstroenterol Hepatol. 2001, 13: 1495-1497. 10.1097\/00042737-200112000-00015.","journal-title":"Eur J Gasstroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"46_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947908800116","volume":"88","author":"JH Kelly","year":"1979","unstructured":"Kelly JH, Montgomery WW, Goodman ML, Mulvaney TJ: Upper airway obstruction associated with regional enteritis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1979, 88: 95-99.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"46_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(00)00258-4","volume":"19","author":"R Ulrich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ulrich R, Goldberg R, Line WS: Crohn's disease: a rare cause of upper airway obstruction. J Emerg Med. 2000, 19: 331-332. 10.1016\/S0736-4679(00)00258-4.","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"46_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.12.1669","volume":"28","author":"M Lemann","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lemann M, Messing B, D'Agay F, Modigliani R: Crohn's disease with respiratory tract involvement. Gut. 1987, 28: 1669-1672.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"46_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02470975","volume":"21","author":"T Iwama","year":"1991","unstructured":"Iwama T, Higuchi T, Imajo M, Akagawa S, Matsubara O, Mishima Y: Tracheo-bronchitis as a complication of Crohn's disease \u2013 a case report. Jpn J Surg. 1991, 21: 454-457.","journal-title":"Jpn J Surg"},{"key":"46_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09020380","volume":"9","author":"G Hotermans","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hotermans G, Benard A, Guenanen H, Demarcq-Delerue G, Malart T, Wallaert B: Nongranulomatous interstitial lung disease in Crohn's disease. Eur Respir J. 1996, 9: 380-382. 10.1183\/09031936.96.09020380.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"46_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1999.00508.x","volume":"29","author":"E Louis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Louis E, Louis R, Shute J, Lau L, Franchimont D, Lamproye A, Radermecker M, Djukanovic R, Belaiche J: Bronchial eosinophilic infiltration in Crohn's disease in the absence of pulmonary disease. Clin Exp Allergy. 1999, 29: 660-666. 10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1999.00508.x.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"46_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01214.x","volume":"50","author":"E Louis","year":"1995","unstructured":"Louis E, Louis R, Drion V, Bonnet V, Lamproye A, Radermecker M, Belaiche J: Increased frequency of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Allergy. 1995, 50: 729-733.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"46_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05473.x","volume":"97","author":"KR Herrlinger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Herrlinger KR, Noftz MK, Dalhoff K, Ludwig D, Stange EF, Fellermann K: Alterations in pulmonary function in inflammatory bowel disease are frequent and persist during remission. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002, 97: 377-381. 10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05473.x.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"46_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.2.97-04075","volume":"157","author":"N Tzanakis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tzanakis N, Samiou M, Bouros D, Mouzas J, Kouroumalis E, Siafakas NM: Small airways function in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998, 157: 382-386.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"46_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.87.3.363","volume":"87","author":"B Wallaert","year":"1985","unstructured":"Wallaert B, Colombel JF, Tonnel AB, Bonniere P, Cortot A, Paris JC, Voisin C: Evidence of lymphocyte alveolitis in Crohn's diease. Chest. 1985, 87: 363-367.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"46_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01843.x","volume":"95","author":"Z Fireman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fireman Z, Osipov A, Kivity S, Kopelman Y, Stemberg A, Lazarov E, Fireman E: The use of induced sputum in the assessment of pulmonary involvement in Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000, 95: 730-734. 10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01843.x.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"46_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A319","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.1.129","volume":"141","author":"B Wallaert","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wallaert B, Adenis A, Lecouffe P, Collet R, Colombel JF, Machandise X: Increased pulmonary epithelial permeability in Crohn's disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990, 141: A319-","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"46_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.62.732.951","volume":"62","author":"PA McCormick","year":"1986","unstructured":"McCormick PA, O'Donoghue DP, Fitzgerald MX: Crohn's colitis and sarcoidosis. Postgrad Med. 1986, 62: 951-953.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"46_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09102176","volume":"9","author":"C Lamblin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lamblin C, Copin MC, Billaut C, Marti R, Tacq V, Riviere O, Wallaert B: Acute respiratory failure due to tracheobronchial involvement in Crohn's disease. Eur Respir J. 1996, 9: 2176-2178. 10.1183\/09031936.96.09102176.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2466-6-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2466-6-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2466-6-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2466-6-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T22:22:04Z","timestamp":1630448524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2466-6-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["46"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2466-6-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 January 2006","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2006","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2006","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"7"}}