{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:00:37Z","timestamp":1783130437057,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,3]],"date-time":"2009-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246579200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-10-81","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,3]],"date-time":"2009-07-03T18:13:49Z","timestamp":1246644829000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Characteristics and natural course of vertebral endplate signal (Modic) changes in the Danish general population"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tue S","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Bendix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan S","family":"Sorensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Manniche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Korsholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Kjaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"659_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.05.014","volume":"70","author":"HB Albert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Albert HB, Kjaer P, Jensen TS, Sorensen JS, Bendix T, Manniche C: Modic changes, possible causes and relation to low back pain. Med Hypotheses. 2008, 70: 361-368. 10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.05.014.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"659_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0185-x","volume":"15","author":"P Kjaer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kjaer P, Korsholm L, Bendix T, Sorensen JS, Leboeuf-Yde C: Modic changes and their associations with clinical findings. Eur Spine J. 2006, 15: 1312-1319. 10.1007\/s00586-006-0185-x.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"659_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0770-2","volume":"17","author":"TS Jensen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jensen TS, Karppinen J, Sorensen JS, Niinimaki J, Leboeuf-Yde C: Vertebral endplate signal changes (Modic change): a systematic literature review of prevalence and association with non-specific low back pain. Eur Spine J. 2008, 17: 1407-1422. 10.1007\/s00586-008-0770-2.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"659_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.1.3336678","volume":"166","author":"MT Modic","year":"1988","unstructured":"Modic MT, Steinberg PM, Ross JS, Masaryk TJ, Carter JR: Degenerative disk disease: assessment of changes in vertebral body marrow with MR imaging. Radiology. 1988, 166: 193-199.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"659_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.168.1.3289089","volume":"168","author":"MT Modic","year":"1988","unstructured":"Modic MT, Masaryk TJ, Ross JS, Carter JR: Imaging of degenerative disk disease. Radiology. 1988, 168: 177-186.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"659_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0336-8","volume":"16","author":"HB Albert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Albert HB, Manniche C: Modic changes following lumbar disc herniation. Eur Spine J. 2007, 16: 977-982. 10.1007\/s00586-007-0336-8.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"659_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816201a6","volume":"33","author":"M Barth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barth M, Diepers M, Weiss C, Thome C: Two-year outcome after lumbar microdiscectomy versus microscopic sequestrectomy: part 2: radiographic evaluation and correlation with clinical outcome. Spine. 2008, 33: 273-279. 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816201a6.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"659_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-004-0886-3","volume":"34","author":"M Karchevsky","year":"2005","unstructured":"Karchevsky M, Schweitzer ME, Carrino JA, Zoga A, Montgomery D, Parker L: Reactive endplate marrow changes: a systematic morphologic and epidemiologic evaluation. Skeletal Radiol. 2005, 34: 125-129. 10.1007\/s00256-004-0886-3.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"659_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000224167.18483.14","volume":"31","author":"M Kuisma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kuisma M, Karppinen J, Niinimaki J, Kurunlahti M, Haapea M, Vanharanta H: A three-year follow-up of lumbar spine endplate (Modic) changes. Spine. 2006, 31: 1714-1718. 10.1097\/01.brs.0000224167.18483.14.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"659_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000261561.12944.ff","volume":"32","author":"M Kuisma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuisma M, Karppinen J, Niinimaki J, Ojala R, Haapea M, Heliovaara M: Modic changes in endplates of lumbar vertebral bodies: prevalence and association with low back and sciatic pain among middle-aged male workers. Spine. 2007, 32: 1116-1122. 10.1097\/01.brs.0000261561.12944.ff.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"659_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000244570.36954.17","volume":"31","author":"P Schenk","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schenk P, Laubli T, Hodler J, Klipstein A: Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine: findings in female subjects from administrative and nursing professions. Spine. 2006, 31: 2701-2706. 10.1097\/01.brs.0000244570.36954.17.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"659_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-004-0780-z","volume":"33","author":"CB Chung","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chung CB, Berg Vande BC, Tavernier T, Cotten A, Laredo JD, Vallee C: End plate marrow changes in the asymptomatic lumbosacral spine: frequency, distribution and correlation with age and degenerative changes. Skeletal Radiol. 2004, 33: 399-404. 10.1007\/s00256-004-0780-z.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"659_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.3.531","volume":"149","author":"A de Roos","year":"1987","unstructured":"de Roos A, Kressel H, Spritzer C, Dalinka M: MR imaging of marrow changes adjacent to end plates in degenerative lumbar disk disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987, 149: 531-534.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"659_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200210150-00017","volume":"27","author":"SM Kokkonen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kokkonen SM, Kurunlahti M, Tervonen O, Ilkko E, Vanharanta H: Endplate degeneration observed on magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine: correlation with pain provocation and disc changes observed on computed tomography diskography. Spine. 2002, 27: 2274-2278. 10.1097\/00007632-200210150-00017.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"659_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2312021708","volume":"231","author":"G Schmid","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schmid G, Witteler A, Willburger R, Kuhnen C, Jergas M, Koester O: Lumbar disk herniation: correlation of histologic findings with marrow signal intensity changes in vertebral endplates at MR imaging. Radiology. 2004, 231: 352-358. 10.1148\/radiol.2312021708.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"659_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-004-2314-4","volume":"14","author":"D Mitra","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mitra D, Cassar-Pullicino VN, McCall IW: Longitudinal study of vertebral type-1 end-plate changes on MR of the lumbar spine. Eur Radiol. 2004, 14: 1574-1581. 10.1007\/s00330-004-2314-4.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"659_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201150-00002","volume":"27","author":"A Elfering","year":"2002","unstructured":"Elfering A, Semmer N, Birkhofer D, Zanetti M, Hodler J, Boos N: Risk factors for lumbar disc degeneration: a 5-year prospective MRI study in asymptomatic individuals. Spine. 2002, 27: 125-134. 10.1097\/00007632-200201150-00002.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"659_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000162396.97739.76","volume":"30","author":"P Kjaer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kjaer P, Leboeuf-Yde C, Korsholm L, Sorensen JS, Bendix T: Magnetic resonance imaging and low back pain in adults: a diagnostic imaging study of 40-year-old men and women. Spine. 2005, 30: 1173-1180. 10.1097\/01.brs.0000162396.97739.76.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"659_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850701422112","volume":"48","author":"TS Jensen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jensen TS, Sorensen JS, Kjaer P: Intra- and interobserver reproducibility of vertebral endplate signal (modic) changes in the lumbar spine: the Nordic Modic Consensus Group classification. Acta Radiol. 2007, 48: 748-754. 10.1080\/02841850701422112.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"659_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850600965062","volume":"47","author":"SJ Solgaard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Solgaard SJ, Kjaer P, Jensen ST, Andersen P: Low-field magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine: reliability of qualitative evaluation of disc and muscle parameters. Acta Radiol. 2006, 47: 947-953. 10.1080\/02841850600965062.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"659_CR21","first-page":"147","volume-title":"New Perspectives on Low Back Pain","author":"D Eyre","year":"1989","unstructured":"Eyre D, Nemya P, Buckwalter , Caterson N, Heinegard D, Oegema T: Intervertebral Disk: Basic Science perspectives. New Perspectives on Low Back Pain. Edited by: Frymoyer JW, Gordon SL. 1989, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 147-207."},{"key":"659_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.209.3.9844656","volume":"209","author":"D Weishaupt","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weishaupt D, Zanetti M, Hodler J, Boos N: MR imaging of the lumbar spine: prevalence of intervertebral disk extrusion and sequestration, nerve root compression, end plate abnormalities, and osteoarthritis of the facet joints in asymptomatic volunteers. Radiology. 1998, 209: 661-666.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"659_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199505000-00009","volume":"20","author":"R Raininko","year":"1995","unstructured":"Raininko R, Manninen H, Battie MC, Gibbons LE, Gill K, Fisher LD: Observer variability in the assessment of disc degeneration on magnetic resonance images of the lumbar and thoracic spine. Spine. 1995, 20: 1029-1035. 10.1097\/00007632-199505000-00009.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"659_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880070517","volume":"7","author":"N Roberts","year":"1997","unstructured":"Roberts N, Gratin C, Whitehouse GH: MRI analysis of lumbar intervertebral disc height in young and older populations. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1997, 7: 880-886. 10.1002\/jmri.1880070517.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"659_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E603","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815574e7","volume":"32","author":"T Malinin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Malinin T, Brown MD: Changes in vertebral bodies adjacent to acutely narrowed intervertebral discs: observations in baboons. Spine. 2007, 32: E603-E607. 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815574e7.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"659_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2812","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815b9850","volume":"32","author":"JA Ulrich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ulrich JA, Liebenberg EC, Thuillier DU, Lotz JC: ISSLS prize winner: repeated disc injury causes persistent inflammation. Spine. 2007, 32: 2812-2819. 10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815b9850.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"659_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199604150-00006","volume":"21","author":"RJ Moore","year":"1996","unstructured":"Moore RJ, Vernon-Roberts B, Osti OL, Fraser RD: Remodeling of vertebral bone after outer anular injury in sheep. Spine. 1996, 21: 936-940. 10.1097\/00007632-199604150-00006.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"659_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-51","volume":"9","author":"M Kuisma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuisma M, Karppinen J, Haapea M, Niinimaki J, Ojala R, Heliovaara M: Are the determinants of vertebral endplate changes and severe disc degeneration in the lumbar spine the same? A magnetic resonance imaging study in middle-aged male workers. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2008, 9: 51-10.1186\/1471-2474-9-51.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"key":"659_CR29","volume-title":"Lumbar Modic changes \u2013 a comparison between findings in low-and high-field MRI scannings","author":"GAC Henriksson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Henriksson GAC, Bolstad JE: Lumbar Modic changes \u2013 a comparison between findings in low-and high-field MRI scannings. 2008, Master Thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences \u2013 University of Southern Denmark, Master"},{"key":"659_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050047","volume":"25","author":"A Stabler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stabler A, Weiss M, Scheidler J, Krodel A, Seiderer M, Reiser M: Degenerative disk vascularization on MRI: correlation with clinical and histopathologic findings. Skeletal Radiol. 1996, 25: 119-126. 10.1007\/s002560050047.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"659_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850510016036","volume":"46","author":"E Molla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Molla E, Marti-Bonmati L, Arana E, Martinez-Bisbal MC, Costa S: Magnetic resonance myelography evaluation of the lumbar spine end plates and intervertebral disks. Acta Radiol. 2005, 46: 83-88. 10.1080\/02841850510016036.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"659_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/02841859809172143","volume":"39","author":"J Bram","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bram J, Zanetti M, Min K, Hodler J: MR abnormalities of the intervertebral disks and adjacent bone marrow as predictors of segmental instability of the lumbar spine. Acta Radiol. 1998, 39: 18-23.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"659_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.218.2.r01fe15420","volume":"218","author":"D Weishaupt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weishaupt D, Zanetti M, Hodler J, Min K, Fuchs B, Pfirrmann CW: Painful Lumbar Disk Derangement: Relevance of Endplate Abnormalities at MR Imaging. Radiology. 2001, 218: 420-427.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"659_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2004.05.014","volume":"54","author":"CH Lim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lim CH, Jee WH, Son BC, Kim DH, Ha KY, Park CK: Discogenic lumbar pain: association with MR imaging and CT discography. Eur J Radiol. 2005, 54: 431-437. 10.1016\/j.ejrad.2004.05.014.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"659_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-858919","volume":"178","author":"GT Becker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Becker GT, Willburger RE, Liphofer J, Koester O, Schmid G: [Distribution of MRI signal alterations of the cartilage endplate in pre-operated patients with special focus on recurrent lumbar disc herniation]. Rofo. 2006, 178: 46-54.","journal-title":"Rofo"},{"key":"659_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000232802.95773.89","volume":"31","author":"F Kleinstuck","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kleinstuck F, Dvorak J, Mannion AF: Are \"structural abnormalities\" on magnetic resonance imaging a contraindication to the successful conservative treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain?. Spine. 2006, 31: 2250-2257. 10.1097\/01.brs.0000232802.95773.89.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"659_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2006.12.001","volume":"30","author":"CK Peterson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peterson CK, Gatterman B, Carter JC, Humphreys BK, Weibel A: Inter- and intraexaminer reliability in identifying and classifying degenerative marrow (Modic) changes on lumbar spine magnetic resonance scans. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2007, 30: 85-90. 10.1016\/j.jmpt.2006.12.001.","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"659_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0716-8","volume":"17","author":"K Luoma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Luoma K, Vehmas T, Gronblad M, Kerttula L, Kaapa E: MRI follow-up of subchondral signal abnormalities in a selected group of chronic low back pain patients. Eur Spine J. 2008, 17: 1300-1308. 10.1007\/s00586-008-0716-8.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"659_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000173898.47585.7d","volume":"30","author":"A Jones","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jones A, Clarke A, Freeman BJ, Lam KS, Grevitt MP: The Modic classification: inter- and intraobserver error in clinical practice. Spine. 2005, 30: 1867-1869. 10.1097\/01.brs.0000173898.47585.7d.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"659_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.08.011","volume":"6","author":"DS Mulconrey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mulconrey DS, Knight RQ, Bramble JD, Paknikar S, Harty PA: Interobserver reliability in the interpretation of diagnostic lumbar MRI and nuclear imaging. Spine J. 2006, 6: 177-184. 10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.08.011.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"659_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.219.2.r01ma21368","volume":"219","author":"CW Pfirrmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pfirrmann CW, Resnick D: Schmorl nodes of the thoracic and lumbar spine: radiographic-pathologic study of prevalence, characterization, and correlation with degenerative changes of 1,650 spinal levels in 100 cadavers. Radiology. 2001, 219: 368-374.","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-10-81.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2474-10-81\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-10-81","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,10]],"date-time":"2016-07-10T02:03:01Z","timestamp":1468116181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2474-10-81"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["659"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-10-81","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,3]]},"article-number":"81"}}