{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T08:50:26Z","timestamp":1791535826291,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,6]],"date-time":"2010-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1281052800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Literature abounds on the prevalent nature of Self Reported Musculoskeletal Symptoms (SRMS) among computer users, but studies that actually compared this with non computer users are meagre thereby reducing the strength of the evidence. This study compared the prevalence of SRMS between computer and non computer users and assessed the risk factors associated with SRMS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 472 participants comprising equal numbers of age and sex matched computer and non computer users were assessed for the presence of SRMS. Information concerning musculoskeletal symptoms and discomforts from the neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, wrists\/hands, low back, hips\/thighs, knees and ankles\/feet were obtained using the Standardized Nordic questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of SRMS was significantly higher in the computer users than the non computer users both over the past 7 days (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 39.11, p = 0.001) and during the past 12 month durations (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 53.56, p = 0.001). The odds of reporting musculoskeletal symptoms was least for participants above the age of 40 years (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.31-0.64 over the past 7 days and OR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.47-0.77 during the past 12 months) and also reduced in female participants. Increasing daily hours and accumulated years of computer use and tasks of data processing and designs\/graphics significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased the risk of reporting musculoskeletal symptoms. Over the past 7 day duration, the neck (33.9%) and low back (11.4%) had highest prevalence of SRMS for the computer and non computer users respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of SRMS was significantly higher in the computer users than the non computer users and younger age, being male, working longer hours daily, increasing years of computer use, data entry tasks and computer designs\/graphics were the significant risk factors for reporting musculoskeletal symptoms among the computer users. Computer use may explain the increase in prevalence of SRMS among the computer users.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,7]],"date-time":"2010-08-07T06:19:47Z","timestamp":1281161987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Differences in prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among computer and non-computer users in a Nigerian population: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Ayanniyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BOO","family":"Ukpai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AF","family":"Adeniyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"923_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.015792","volume":"62","author":"F Gerr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gerr F, Marcus M, Monteilh C, Hannan L, Ortiz D, Kleinbaum D: A randomised controlled trial of postural interventions for prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms among computer users. Occup Environ Med. 2005, 62: 478-487. 10.1136\/oem.2004.015792.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"923_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2005.022285","volume":"63","author":"DM Rempel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rempel DM, Krause N, Goldberg R, Benner D, Hudes M, Goldner GU: A randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of two workstation interventions on upper body pain and incident musculoskeletal disorders among computer operators. Occup Environ Med. 2006, 63: 300-306. 10.1136\/oem.2005.022285.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"923_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.11.e14","volume":"60","author":"AI Kryger","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kryger AI, Andersen JH, Lassen CF, Brandt LPA, Vilstrup I, Overgaard E, Thomsen JF, Mikkelsen S: Does computer use pose an occupational hazard for forearm pain; from the NUDATA study. Occup Environ Med. 2003, 60: e14-10.1136\/oem.60.11.e14.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"923_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckl025","volume":"16","author":"PT Hakala","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hakala PT, Rimpel\u00e4 AH, Saarni LA, Salminen JJ: Frequent computer-related activities increase the risk of neck-shoulder and low back pain in adolescents. Eur J Public Health. 2006, 16: 536-541. 10.1093\/eurpub\/ckl025.","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"923_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.22.2963","volume":"89","author":"JH Andersen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andersen JH, Thomsen JF, Overgaard E, Lassen CF, Brandt LPA, Vilstrup I, Dryger AI, Mikkelsen S: Computer use and carpal tunnel syndrome. A 1-year follow-up study. JAMA. 2003, 89: 2963-2969. 10.1001\/jama.289.22.2963.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"923_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20081","volume":"46","author":"CF Lassen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lassen CF, Mikkelsen S, Kryger AI, Brandt LP, Overgaard E, Thomsen JF, Vilstrup I, Andersen JH: Elbow and wrist\/hand symptoms among 6,943 computer operators: a 1-year follow-up study (the NUDATA study). Am J Ind Med. 2004, 46: 521-533. 10.1002\/ajim.20081.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"923_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(02)00130-0","volume":"30","author":"C Jensen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jensen C, Finsen L, Sogaard K, Christensen H: Musculoskeletal symptoms and duration of computer and mouse use. Int J Industrial Ergonomics. 2002, 30: 265-275. 10.1016\/S0169-8141(02)00130-0.","journal-title":"Int J Industrial Ergonomics"},{"key":"923_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3233\/OER-2005-5402","volume":"5","author":"J Village","year":"2005","unstructured":"Village J, Rempel D, Teschke K: Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremity associated with computer work: A systematic review. Occup Ergon. 2005, 5: 205-218.","journal-title":"Occup Ergon"},{"key":"923_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.033506","volume":"65","author":"JH Andersen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andersen JH, Harhoff M, Grimstrup S, Vilstrup I, Lassen CF, Brandt LPA, Kryger AI, Overgaard E, Hansen KD, Mikkelsen S: Computer mouse use predicts acute pain but not prolonged or chronic pain in the neck and shoulder. Occup Environ Med. 2008, 65: 126-131. 10.1136\/oem.2007.033506.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"923_CR10","first-page":"118","volume-title":"Resaerch Methodology with statistics for health and social sciences","author":"OA Araoye","year":"2003","unstructured":"Araoye OA: Resaerch Methodology with statistics for health and social sciences. 2003, Narthadex Publishers; Ibadan, 118-242."},{"key":"923_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(87)90010-X","volume":"18","author":"I Kuorinka","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kuorinka I, Jonsson B, Kilbom A, Vinterberg H, Biering-S\u00f8rensen F, Andersson G, J\u00f8rgensen K: Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Appl Ergon. 1987, 18: 233-237. 10.1016\/0003-6870(87)90010-X.","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"923_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.7.475","volume":"60","author":"T Korhonen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Korhonen T, Ketola R, Toivonen R, Luukkonen R, H\u00e4kk\u00e4nen M, Viikari-Juntura E: Work related and individual predictors for incident neck pain among office employees working with video display units. Occup Environ Med. 2003, 60: 475-482. 10.1136\/oem.60.7.475.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"923_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-009-9196-x","volume":"19","author":"S Eltayeb","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eltayeb S, Staal JB, Hassan A, de Bie RA: Work related risk factors for neck, shoulder and arms complaints: A cohort study among Dutch computer office workers. J Occup Rehabil. 2009, 19: 315-322. 10.1007\/s10926-009-9196-x.","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"923_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-68","volume":"8","author":"S Eltayeb","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eltayeb S, Staal JB, Kennes J, Lamberts PHG, de Bie RA: Prevalence of complaints of arm, neck and shoulder among computer office workers and psychometric evaluation of a risk factor questionnaire. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007, 8: 68-10.1186\/1471-2474-8-68.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"923_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2114\/jpa2.26.69","volume":"26","author":"Z Ye","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ye Z, Abe Y, Kusano Y, Takamura N, Eida K, Takemoto T, Aoyagi K: The influence of visual display terminal use on the physical and mental conditions of administrative staff in Japan. J Physiol Anthropol. 2007, 26: 69-73. 10.2114\/jpa2.26.69.","journal-title":"J Physiol Anthropol"},{"key":"923_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqn072","volume":"58","author":"P Janwantanakul","year":"2008","unstructured":"Janwantanakul P, Pensri P, Jiamjarasrangsri V, Sinsongsook T: Prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among office workers. Occup Med. 2008, 58: 436-438. 10.1093\/occmed\/kqn072.","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"923_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/50.8.608","volume":"50","author":"A Ekman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ekman A, Andersson A, Hagberg M, Hjelm EW: Gender differences in musculoskeletal health of computer and mouse users in the Swedish workforce. Occup Med. 2000, 50: 608-613.","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"923_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20461","volume":"50","author":"CJ Chang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chang CJ, Amick BC, Menendez CC, Katz JN, Johnson PW, Robertson M, Dennerlein JT: Daily computer usage correlated with undergraduate students' musculoskeletal symptoms. Am J Ind Med. 2007, 50: 481-488. 10.1002\/ajim.20461.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"923_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.026468","volume":"64","author":"S IJmker","year":"2007","unstructured":"IJmker S, Huysmans MA, Blatter BM, van der Beek AJ, van Mechelen W, Bongers PM: Should office workers spend fewer hours at their computer? A systematic review of the literature. Occup Environ Med. 2007, 64: 211-222. 10.1136\/oem.2006.026468.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"923_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000285","volume":"83","author":"G Sj\u00f6gaard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6gaard G, Lundberg U, Kadefors R: The role of muscle activity and mental load in the development of pain and degenerative processes at the muscle cell level during computer work. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000, 83: 99-105. 10.1007\/s004210000285.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"923_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqi029","volume":"55","author":"V Woods","year":"2005","unstructured":"Woods V: Musculoskeletal disorders and visual strain in intensive data processing workers. Occup Med. 2005, 55: 121-127. 10.1093\/occmed\/kqi029.","journal-title":"Occup Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-177.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-177\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-177","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-177.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T11:57:15Z","timestamp":1630497435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-177","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 September 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2010","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2010","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"177"}}