{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:39:28Z","timestamp":1789663168704,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-39","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,2]],"date-time":"2010-03-02T07:15:12Z","timestamp":1267514112000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Clinical measurement of the thoracic kyphosis. A study of the intra-rater reliability in subjects with and without shoulder pain"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jeremy S","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel E","family":"Valentine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"785_CR1","volume-title":"Gray's Anatomy","author":"S Standring","year":"2005","unstructured":"Standring S: Gray's Anatomy. 2005, Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 39","edition":"39"},{"issue":"5","key":"785_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.134.5.979","volume":"134","author":"GT Fon","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fon GT, Pitt MJ, Thies AC: Thoracic kyphosis: range in normal subjects. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1980, 134 (5): 979-983.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"785_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02898031","volume":"12","author":"Y Nishiwaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nishiwaki Y, Kikuchi Y, Araya K, Okamoto M, Miyaguchi S, Yoshioka N, Shimada N, Nakashima H, Uemura T, Omae K, et al.: Association of Thoracic Kyphosis with Subjective Poor Health, Functional Activity and Blood Pressure in the Community-Dwelling Elderly. Environmental Health and Preventative Medicine. 2007, 12: 246-250. 10.1007\/BF02898031.","journal-title":"Environmental Health and Preventative Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"785_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.2.3336728","volume":"166","author":"AA De Smet","year":"1988","unstructured":"De Smet AA, Robinson RG, Johnson BE, Lukert BP: Spinal compression fractures in osteoporotic women: patterns and relationship to hyperkyphosis. Radiology. 1988, 166 (2): 497-500.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"785_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.4.549","volume":"86","author":"JD Borstad","year":"2006","unstructured":"Borstad JD: Resting position variables at the shoulder: evidence to support a posture-impairment association. Phys Ther. 2006, 86 (4): 549-557.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"785_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-007-0284-8","volume":"36","author":"AM Briggs","year":"2007","unstructured":"Briggs AM, Wrigley TV, Tully EA, Adams PE, Greig AM, Bennell KL: Radiographic measures of thoracic kyphosis in osteoporosis: Cobb and vertebral centroid angles. Skeletal Radiol. 2007, 36 (8): 761-767. 10.1007\/s00256-007-0284-8.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"785_CR7","volume-title":"Body and mature behaviour: A study of anxiety, sex, gravitation and learning","author":"M Feldenkrais","year":"1949","unstructured":"Feldenkrais M: Body and mature behaviour: A study of anxiety, sex, gravitation and learning. 1949, New York: International University Press Incorporated"},{"issue":"2","key":"785_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199302000-00011","volume":"75","author":"PM Murray","year":"1993","unstructured":"Murray PM, Weinstein SL, Spratt KF: The natural history and long-term follow-up of Scheuermann kyphosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993, 75 (2): 236-248.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"785_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1997.tb03199.x","volume":"45","author":"SD Ryan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ryan SD, Fried LP: The impact of kyphosis on daily functioning. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997, 45 (12): 1479-1486.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"785_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52257.x","volume":"52","author":"M Di Bari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Di Bari M, Chiarlone M, Matteuzzi D, Zacchei S, Pozzi C, Bellia V, Tarantini F, Pini R, Masotti G, Marchionni N: Thoracic kyphosis and ventilatory dysfunction in unselected older persons: an epidemiological study in Dicomano, Italy. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004, 52 (6): 909-915. 10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52257.x.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"785_CR11","volume-title":"Shoulder pain","author":"R Calliet","year":"1991","unstructured":"Calliet R: Shoulder pain. 1991, Philadelphia: F.A. DAvis Company, 3","edition":"3"},{"issue":"2","key":"785_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/58.2.184","volume":"52","author":"TS Horter","year":"1978","unstructured":"Horter TS: How to care for your neck. Physical Therapy. 1978, 52 (2): 184-185.","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"785_CR13","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Physical Therapy of the Shoulder","author":"E Ayub","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ayub E: Posture and the upper quarter. Physical Therapy of the Shoulder. Edited by: Donatelli R. 1991, Melbourne: Churchill Livingstone, 81-90. 2","edition":"2"},{"key":"785_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1993.1304272.x","volume":"13","author":"DH Watson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Watson DH, Trott PH: Cervical headache: an investigation of natural head posture and upper cervical flexor muscle performance. Cephalagia. 1993, 13: 272-284. 10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1993.1304272.x.","journal-title":"Cephalagia"},{"key":"785_CR15","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Physical Therapy of the Shoulder","author":"O Grimsby","year":"1997","unstructured":"Grimsby O, Gray J: Interrelation of the spine to the shoulder girdle. Physical Therapy of the Shoulder. Edited by: Donatelli R. 1997, New York: Churchill Livingstone, 95-129. 3","edition":"3"},{"key":"785_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044306614-6.50007-7","volume-title":"Physical Therapy of the Shoulder","author":"J Gray","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gray J, Grimsby O: Interrelationship of the spine, rib cage, and shoulder. Physical Therapy of the Shoulder. Edited by: Donatelli R. 2004, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston, 133-185. 4","edition":"4"},{"key":"785_CR17","first-page":"366","volume-title":"Sports Physiotherapy: Applied science and practice","author":"C Allingham","year":"1995","unstructured":"Allingham C: The shoulder complex. Sports Physiotherapy: Applied science and practice. Edited by: Zuluaga M, Briggs C, Carlisle J, McDonald V, McMeeken J, Nickson W, Oddy P, Wilson D. 1995, Melbourne: Churchill Livingstone, 366-8."},{"key":"785_CR18","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Physical Therapy of the Cervical and Thoracic Spines","author":"V Janda","year":"1988","unstructured":"Janda V: Muscles and cervicogenic pain syndromes. Physical Therapy of the Cervical and Thoracic Spines. Edited by: Grant R. 1988, New York: Churchill Livingstone, 153-166."},{"issue":"9","key":"785_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1987.8.9.438","volume":"8","author":"M Schenkman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schenkman M, Rugo de Cartaya V: Kinesiology of the shoulder complex. Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 1987, 8 (9): 438-450.","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy"},{"key":"785_CR20","volume-title":"Muscle energy techniques","author":"L Chaitow","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chaitow L: Muscle energy techniques. 1996, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone"},{"issue":"6","key":"785_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/72.6.425","volume":"72","author":"P Griegel-Morris","year":"1992","unstructured":"Griegel-Morris P, Larson K, Mueller-Klaus K, Oatis CA: Incidence of common postural abnormalities in the cervical, shoulder, and thoracic regions and their association with pain in two age groups of healthy subjects. Phys Ther. 1992, 72 (6): 425-431.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"785_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.08.007","volume":"14","author":"JS Lewis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lewis JS, Green A, Wright C: Subacromial impingement syndrome: The role of posture and muscle imbalance. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2005, 14 (4): 385-392. 10.1016\/j.jse.2004.08.007.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"785_CR23","volume-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of movement impairment syndromes","author":"S Sahrmann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sahrmann S: Diagnosis and treatment of movement impairment syndromes. 2002, London: Mosby"},{"key":"785_CR24","volume-title":"Muscle testing and function","author":"F Kendall","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kendall F, McCreary E, Provance P: Muscle testing and function. 1993, Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 4","edition":"4"},{"issue":"2","key":"785_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260022801","volume":"26","author":"WB Kibler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kibler WB: The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function. Am J Sports Med. 1998, 26 (2): 325-337.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"785_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2004.07.002","volume":"10","author":"MP Bullock","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bullock MP, Foster NE, Wright CC: Shoulder impingement: the effect of sitting posture on shoulder pain and range of motion. Man Ther. 2005, 10 (1): 28-37. 10.1016\/j.math.2004.07.002.","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"785_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90084-9","volume":"80","author":"CH Wang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wang CH, McClure P, Pratt NE, Nobilini R: Stretching and strengthening exercises: their effect on three-dimensional scapular kinematics. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999, 80 (8): 923-929. 10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90084-9.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"785_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.3.310","volume":"39","author":"S Goh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goh S, Price RI, Leedman PJ, Singer KP: A comparison of three methods for measuring thoracic kyphosis: implications for clinical studies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000, 39 (3): 310-315. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.3.310.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"9","key":"785_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.01.028","volume":"89","author":"JS Lewis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lewis JS, Valentine RE: Intraobserver reliability of angular and linear measurements of scapular position in subjects with and without symptoms. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008, 89 (9): 1795-1802. 10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.01.028.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"785_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.05.008","volume":"87","author":"RE Valentine","year":"2006","unstructured":"Valentine RE, Lewis JS: Intraobserver reliability of 4 physiologic movements of the shoulder in subjects with and without symptoms. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006, 87 (9): 1242-1249. 10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.05.008.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"785_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000157469.27779.de","volume":"30","author":"JS Lewis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lewis JS, Hewitt JS, Billington L, Cole S, Byng J, Karayiannis S: A randomized clinical trial comparing two physiotherapy interventions for chronic low back pain. Spine. 2005, 30 (7): 711-721. 10.1097\/01.brs.0000157469.27779.de.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"785_CR32","volume-title":"Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function","author":"N Palastanga","year":"2002","unstructured":"Palastanga N, Field D, Soames R: Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function. 2002, Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 4","edition":"4"},{"issue":"1","key":"785_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-64","volume":"8","author":"JS Lewis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lewis JS, Valentine RE: The pectoralis minor length test: a study of the intra-rater reliability and diagnostic accuracy in subjects with and without shoulder symptoms. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007, 8 (1): 64-10.1186\/1471-2474-8-64.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"785_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980115)17:1<101::AID-SIM727>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"17","author":"SD Walter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Walter SD, Eliasziw M, Donner A: Sample size and optimal designs for reliability studies. Stat Med. 1998, 17 (1): 101-110. 10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980115)17:1<101::AID-SIM727>3.0.CO;2-E.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"785_CR35","volume-title":"Research in Health Care: concepts, designs and methods","author":"J Sim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sim J, Wright C: Research in Health Care: concepts, designs and methods. 2000, Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes (Publishers) Ltd"},{"key":"785_CR36","volume-title":"Foundations of Clinical Research: applications to practice","author":"L Portney","year":"2000","unstructured":"Portney L, Watkins M: Foundations of Clinical Research: applications to practice. 2000, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Health, 2","edition":"2"},{"key":"785_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3109\/09593989309047453","volume":"9","author":"HJ Crawford","year":"1993","unstructured":"Crawford HJ, Jull GA: The influence of thoracic posture and movement on range of arm elevation. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 1993, 9: 143-148. 10.3109\/09593989309047453.","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"785_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1179\/jmt.1995.3.1.15","volume":"3","author":"SG Stewart","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stewart SG, Jull GA, Ng JK-F, Willems JM: An initial analysis of thoracic spine movement during unilateral arm elevation. The Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy. 1995, 3 (1): 15-20.","journal-title":"The Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"785_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90088-6","volume":"80","author":"M Kebaetse","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kebaetse M, McClure P, Pratt NA: Thoracic position effect on shoulder range of motion, strength, and three-dimensional scapular kinematics. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999, 80 (8): 945-950. 10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90088-6.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"785_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3109\/09593988709044180","volume":"3","author":"HJ O'Gorman","year":"1987","unstructured":"O'Gorman HJ, Jull GA: Thoracic kyphosis and mobility: The effect of age. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 1987, 3: 154-162. 10.3109\/09593988709044180.","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"785_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2005.35.2.72","volume":"35","author":"JS Lewis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lewis JS, Wright C, Green A: Subacromial impingement syndrome: the effect of changing posture on shoulder range of movement. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005, 35 (2): 72-87.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"785_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S1356-689X(03)00017-1","volume":"8","author":"EV Billis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Billis EV, Foster NE, Wright CC: Reproducibility and repeatability: errors of three groups of physiotherapists in locating spinal levels by palpation. Man Ther. 2003, 8 (4): 223-232. 10.1016\/S1356-689X(03)00017-1.","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"785_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1054\/math.1999.0203","volume":"5","author":"C O'Haire","year":"2000","unstructured":"O'Haire C, Gibbons P: Inter-examiner and intra-examiner agreement for assessing sacroiliac anatomical landmarks using palpation and observation: pilot study. Man Ther. 2000, 5 (1): 13-20. 10.1054\/math.1999.0203.","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"785_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.106101","volume":"23","author":"SD French","year":"2000","unstructured":"French SD, Green S, Forbes A: Reliability of chiropractic methods commonly used to detect manipulable lesions in patients with chronic low-back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000, 23 (4): 231-238. 10.1016\/S0161-4754(00)90169-6.","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"}],"container-title":["BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-39\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-39.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-39","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-39.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T19:17:50Z","timestamp":1590693470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-39"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-11-39","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]]},"article-number":"39"}}