{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:55:43Z","timestamp":1791640543824,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,16]],"date-time":"2004-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1100563200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,16]],"date-time":"2004-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1100563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The myasthenia gravis is twice as common in women as in men and frequently affects young women in the second and third decades of life, overlapping with the childbearing years. Generally, during pregnancy in one third of patients the disease exacerbates, whereas in two thirds it remains clinically unchanged. Complete remission can occur in some patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the clinical course, delivery and neonatal outcome of 18 pregnant women with the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Retrospective chart review of pregnant patients with myasthenia gravis, followed at the National Institute of Perinatology in Mexico City over an 8-year period. Data was abstracted from the medical records on the clinical course during pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2003 18 patients with myasthenia gravis were identified and included in the study. The mean \u00b1 SD maternal age was 27.4 \u00b1 4.0 years. During pregnancy 2 women (11%) had an improvement in the clinical symptoms of myasthenia gravis, 7 women (39%) had clinical worsening of the condition of 9 other patients (50%) remained clinically unchanged. Nine patients delivered vaginally, 8 delivered by cesarean section and 1 pregnancy ended in fetal loss. Seventeen infants were born at mean \u00b1 SD gestational age of 37.5 \u00b1 3.0 weeks and a mean birth weight of 2710 \u00b1 73 g. Only one infant presented with transient neonatal myasthenia gravis. No congenital anomalies were identified in any of the newborns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical course of myasthenia gravis during pregnancy is variable, with a significant proportion of patients experiencing worsening of the clinical symptoms. However, neonatal transient myasthenia was uncommon in our patient population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-5-42","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,19]],"date-time":"2004-11-19T07:24:18Z","timestamp":1100849058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy: clinical implications and neonatal outcome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 F","family":"T\u00e9llez-Zenteno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizbeth","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ronquillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Estanol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"106_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406233302507","volume":"330","author":"D Drachman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Drachman D: Myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med. 1994, 330: 1797-1810. 10.1056\/NEJM199406233302507.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"106_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-198309000-00010","volume":"26","author":"WC Plauch\u00e9","year":"1983","unstructured":"Plauch\u00e9 WC: Myasthenia gravis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1983, 26 (3): 592-604.","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"106_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00005237-199306000-00004","volume":"7","author":"ME Burke","year":"1993","unstructured":"Burke ME: Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 1993, 7 (1): 11-21.","journal-title":"J Perinat Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"106_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(55)80013-7","volume":"19","author":"NS Schlezinger","year":"1955","unstructured":"Schlezinger NS: Pregnancy in myasthenia gravis and neonatal myasthenia gravis. Am J Med. 1955, 19: 718-20.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"106_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)32998-2","volume":"135","author":"WC Plauch\u00e9","year":"1974","unstructured":"Plauch\u00e9 WC: Myasthenia gravis in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1974, 135 (5): 691-7.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"106_CR6","first-page":"178","volume":"80","author":"PJ Mitchell","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mitchell PJ, Bebbington M: Myasthenia gravis in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1992, 80 (2): 178-81.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"106_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.3.447","volume":"52","author":"AP Batocchi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Batocchi AP, Majolini L, Evoli A, Lino MM, Minisci C, Tonali P: Course and treatment of myasthenia gravis during pregnancy. Neurology. 1999, 52 (3): 447-52.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"106_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00051-9","volume":"104","author":"J Djelmis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Djelmis J, Sostarko M, Mayer D, Ivanisevic M: Myasthenia gravis in pregnancy: report on 69 cases. Eur J Obsted Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002, 104: 21-25. 10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00051-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Obsted Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"106_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389200700202","volume":"7","author":"O Papazian","year":"1992","unstructured":"Papazian O: Transient neonatal myasthenia gravis. J Child Neurol. 1992, 7 (2): 135-141.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"106_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9926(200011)62:5<332::AID-TERA7>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"62","author":"A Polizzi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Polizzi A, Huson SM, Vincent A: Teratogen update: maternal myasthenia gravis as a cause of congenital arthrogryposis. Teratology. 2000, 62 (5): 332-341.","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"issue":"1","key":"106_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.1.50","volume":"48","author":"M Gardnerova","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gardnerova M, Eymard B, Morel E, Faltin M, Zajac J, Sadovsky O: The fetal\/adult acetylcholine receptor antibody ratio in mothers with myasthenia gravis as a marker for transfer of the disease to the newborn. Neurology. 1997, 48 (1): 50-54.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"106_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(86)90028-7","volume":"12","author":"E Bartoccioni","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bartoccioni E, Evoli A, Casali C, Scoppeta C, Tonali P, Provenanzano C: Neonatal myasthenia gravis clinical and immunological study of seven mothers and their newborn infants. J Neuroinmunol. 1986, 12: 155-161. 10.1016\/0165-5728(86)90028-7.","journal-title":"J Neuroinmunol"},{"key":"106_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.3309.2001113","volume":"33","author":"JF T\u00e9llez-Zenteno","year":"2001","unstructured":"T\u00e9llez-Zenteno JF, Garc\u00eda Ramos G, Gardu\u00f1o-Espinoza J, Weder-Cisneros N, Esta\u00f1ol Vidal B, Dominguez Fonseca C, Odette Villegas L, Plascencia N, Vinicio C: Diagnostic test in myasthenia gravis. Gold standard conformation by a consensus. Rev Neurol. 2001, 33: 825-32.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"106_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1159\/000050800","volume":"46","author":"JF Tellez-Zenteno","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tellez-Zenteno JF, Remes Troche JM, Garc\u00eda Ramos G: Prognostic factors of thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. A cohort of 132 patients. Eur Neurol. 2001, 46: 171-7. 10.1159\/000050800.","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"106_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01595-2","volume":"70","author":"A Jaretzki III","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jaretzki A, Barohn RJ, Ernstoff RM, Kaminsky H, Keesey J, Penn AS: Myasthenia gravis: Recomendations for clinical research standards. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000, 70: 327-34. 10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01595-2.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"106_CR16","first-page":"400","volume":"3","author":"WK To","year":"1997","unstructured":"To WK, Cheung RT: Neurologic disorders in pregnancy. Hong Kong Med J. 1997, 3: 400-408.","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"106_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.117682","volume":"185","author":"N Naccasha","year":"2001","unstructured":"Naccasha N, Gervasi MT, Chaiworapongsa T, Berman S, Yoon BH, Maymon E, Romero R: Phenotypic and metabolic characteristics of monocytes and granulocytes in normal pregnancy and maternal infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001, 185 (5): 1118-23. 10.1067\/mob.2001.117682.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"106_CR18","first-page":"654","volume":"32","author":"O Picone","year":"2003","unstructured":"Picone O, Audibert F, Gajdos P, Fernandez H: Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy: report of 13 cases. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2003, 32 (7): 654-659.","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)"},{"key":"106_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000082725.21444.EC","volume":"61","author":"JM Hoff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hoff JM, Daltveit AK, Gilhus NE: Myasthenia gravis: consequences for pregnancy, delivery and the newborn. Neurology. 2003, 61: 1362-1366.","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-5-42.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2474-5-42\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-5-42","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-5-42.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T09:32:29Z","timestamp":1734687149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2474-5-42"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-5-42","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 April 2004","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2004","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2004","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"42"}}