{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:57:00Z","timestamp":1792029420693,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,19]],"date-time":"2006-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1137628800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Previous studies have documented an elevated frequency of depressive symptoms and disorders in fibromyalgia, but have not examined the association between this comorbidity and occupational status. The purpose of this study was to describe these epidemiological associations using a national probability sample.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Data from iteration 1.1 of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) were used. The CCHS 1.1 was a large-scale national general health survey. The prevalence of major depression in subjects reporting that they had been diagnosed with fibromyalgia by a health professional was estimated, and then stratified by demographic variables. Logistic regression models predicting labour force participation were also examined.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The annual prevalence of major depression was three times higher in subjects with fibromyalgia: 22.2% (95% CI 19.4 \u2013 24.9), than in those without this condition: 7.2% (95% CI 7.0 \u2013 7.4). The association persisted despite stratification for demographic variables. Logistic regression models predicting labour force participation indicated that both conditions had an independent (negative) effect on labour force participation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fibromyalgia and major depression commonly co-occur and may be related to each other at a pathophysiological level. However, each syndrome is independently and negatively associated with labour force participation. A strength of this study is that it was conducted in a large probability sample from the general population. The main limitations are its cross-sectional nature, and its reliance on self-reported diagnoses of fibromyalgia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T13:04:29Z","timestamp":1138021469000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Major depression, fibromyalgia and labour force participation: A population-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Aliya","family":"Kassam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott B","family":"Patten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"178_CR1","first-page":"794","volume":"10","author":"DE Nampiaparampil","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nampiaparampil DE, Shmerling RH: A review of fibromyalgia. Am J Man Care. 2004, 10: 794-800.","journal-title":"Am J Man Care"},{"key":"178_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380104","volume":"38","author":"F Wolfe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Ross K, Anderson J, Russell IJ, Hebert L: The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the general population. Arth Rheum. 1995, 38: 19-28.","journal-title":"Arth Rheum"},{"key":"178_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749309095129","volume":"22","author":"E Prescott","year":"1993","unstructured":"Prescott E, Kjoller M, Jacobsen S, Bulow PM, Danneskiold-Samsoe B, Kamper-Jorgensen F: Fibromyalgia in the adult Danish population: I. A prevalence study. Scand J Rheumatol. 1993, 22: 233-237.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"178_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6796.216","volume":"303","author":"M Makela","year":"1991","unstructured":"Makela M, Heliovaara M: Prevalence of primary fibromyalgia in the Finnish population. Br Med J. 1991, 303: 216-219.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"178_CR5","first-page":"1570","volume":"26","author":"KP White","year":"1999","unstructured":"White KP, Speechley M, Harth M, Ostbye T: The London Fibromyalgia Epidemiology Study: the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome in London, Ontario. Journal of Rheumatology. 1999, 26: 1570-1576.","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"178_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.8.976","volume":"145","author":"KB Wells","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wells KB, Golding JM, Burnam MA: Psychiatric disorder in a sample of the general population with and without chronic medical conditions. Am J Psychiatry. 1988, 145: 976-981.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"178_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700025526","volume":"23","author":"SO Moldin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Moldin SO, Scheftner WA, Rice JP, Nelson E, Knesevich MA, Akiskal H: Association between major depressive disorder and physical illness. Psychol Med. 1993, 23: 755-761.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"178_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00186-5","volume":"63","author":"SB Patten","year":"2001","unstructured":"Patten SB: Long-term medical conditions and major depression in a Canadian population survey at waves 1 and 2. J Affect Disord. 2001, 63: 35-41. 10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00186-5.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"178_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200003)43:3<561::AID-ANR12>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"43","author":"S Benjamin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Benjamin S, Morris S, McBeth J, MacFarlane GJ, Silman AJ: The association between chronic widespread pain and mental disorder. A population-based study. Arth Rheum. 2000, 43: 561-567. 10.1002\/1529-0131(200003)43:3<561::AID-ANR12>3.0.CO;2-O.","journal-title":"Arth Rheum"},{"key":"178_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.08.009","volume":"56","author":"JI Hudson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hudson JI, Arnold LM, Keck PE, Auchenback MB, Pope HG: Family study of fibromyalgia and affective spectrum disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2004, 56: 884-891. 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.08.009.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"178_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-004-0918-3","volume":"23","author":"K Sayar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sayar K, Gulec H, Topbas M: Alexithymia and anger in patients with fibromyalgia. Clin Rheumatol. 2004, 23: 441-448. 10.1007\/s10067-004-0918-3.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"178_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2003.10.013","volume":"57","author":"M Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kivim\u00e4ki M, Leino-Arjas P, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Keltikangas-J\u00e4rvinen L, Puttonen S, Vartia M, Burnner E, Vahtera J: Work stress and incidence of newly diagnosed fibromyalgia. Prospective cohort study. J Psychosom Res. 2004, 57: 417-422. 10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2003.10.013.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"178_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/096382899298061","volume":"21","author":"RT Goldberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Goldberg RT, Pachas WN, Keith D: Relationship between traumatic events in childhood and chronic pain. Disabil Rehabil. 1999, 21: 23-30. 10.1080\/096382899298061.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"178_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)01089-0","volume":"112","author":"LM Arnold","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arnold LM, Hess EV, Hudson JI, Welge JA, Berno SE, Keck PE: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, flexible-dose study of fluoxetine in the treatment of women with fibromyalgia. Am J Med. 2002, 112: 191-197. 10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)01089-0.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"178_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4035","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20660","volume":"12","author":"P Montoya","year":"2004","unstructured":"Montoya P, Larbig W, Braun C, Preissl H, Birbaumer N: Influence of social support and emotional context on pain processing and magnetic brain responses in fibromyalgia. Arth Rheum. 2004, 12: 4035-4044. 10.1002\/art.20660.","journal-title":"Arth Rheum"},{"key":"178_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1159\/000288887","volume":"61","author":"M Ercolani","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ercolani M, Trombini G, Chattat R, Cervini C, Piergiocomi G, Salaffi F, Zeni S, Marcolongo R: Fibromyalgic syndrome: depression and abnormal illness behavior. Multicenter investigation. Psychother Psychosom. 1994, 61: 178-186.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"178_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1159\/000288150","volume":"51","author":"S Alfici","year":"1989","unstructured":"Alfici S, Sigal M, Landau M: Primary fibromyalgia syndrome - a variant of depressive disorder?. Psychother Psychosom. 1989, 51: 156-161.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"178_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90265-D","volume":"92","author":"JI Hudson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hudson JI, Goldenberg DL, Pope HG, Keck PE, Schlesinger L: Comorbidity of fibromyalgia with medical and psychiatric disorders. Am J Med. 1992, 92: 363-367. 10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90265-D.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"178_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1159\/000078843","volume":"73","author":"B Van Houdenhove","year":"2004","unstructured":"Van Houdenhove B, Egle UT: Fibromyalgia: a Stress Disorder? Piecing the biopsychosocial puzzle together. Psychother Psychosom. 2004, 73: 267-275. 10.1159\/000078843.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"178_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390311","volume":"39","author":"LA Aaron","year":"1996","unstructured":"Aaron LA, Bradley LA, Alarc\u00f3n GS, Alexander RW, Triana-Alexander M, Martin MY, Alberts KR: Psychiatric diagnoses in patients with fibromyalgia are related to health care-seeking behavior rather than to illness. Arth Rheum. 1996, 39: 436-445.","journal-title":"Arth Rheum"},{"key":"178_CR21","first-page":"1621","volume":"31","author":"RL Robinson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Robinson RL, Birnbaum HG, Morley MA, Sisitsky T, Greenberg PE, Wolfe F: Depression and fibromyalgia: treatment and cost when diagnosed separately or concurrently. J Rheumatol. 2004, 31: 1621-1629.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"178_CR22","volume-title":"Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Cycle 1.1. Derived Variables (DV) Specifications. [http:\/\/www.statcan.ca\/english\/sdds\/document\/3226_D5_T9_V2_E.pdf]","author":"S Canada","year":"2002","unstructured":"Canada S: Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Cycle 1.1. Derived Variables (DV) Specifications. [http:\/\/www.statcan.ca\/english\/sdds\/document\/3226_D5_T9_V2_E.pdf]. 2002, Ottawa, Canada"},{"key":"178_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.20.2433","volume":"163","author":"MJ Bair","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bair MJ, Robinson RL, Katon W, Kroenke K: Depression and pain comorbidity. A literature revew. Arch Intern Med. 2003, 163: 2433-2445. 10.1001\/archinte.163.20.2433.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"178_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(03)00034-2","volume":"17","author":"DA Williams","year":"2003","unstructured":"Williams DA: Psychological and behavioural therapies in fibromyalgia and related syndromes. Best Pract Res Clin Rheum. 2003, 17: 649-665. 10.1016\/S1521-6942(03)00034-2.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheum"}],"container-title":["BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-7-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2474-7-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-7-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2474-7-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:33:52Z","timestamp":1630456432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2474-7-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,19]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-7-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2005","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2006","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2006","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"4"}}