{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:46:46Z","timestamp":1791499606928,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]],"date-time":"2004-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]],"date-time":"2004-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Dermatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Our objective was to study tongue lesions and their significance in psoriatic patients.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>The oral mucosa was examined in 200 psoriatic patients presenting to Razi Hospital in Tehran, Iran, and 200 matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Fissured tongue (FT) and benign migratory glossitis (BMG) were the two most frequent findings. FT was seen more frequently in psoriatic patients (n = 66, 33%) than the control group (n = 19, 9.5%) [odds ratio (OR): 4.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.61\u20138.52] (p-value &lt; 0.0001). BMG, too, was significantly more frequent in psoriatic patients (28 cases, 14%) than the control group (12 cases, 6%) (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.20\u20135.50) (p-value &lt; 0.012). In 11 patients (5.5%), FT and BMG coexisted.<\/jats:p>\n                        <jats:p>FT was more frequent in pustular psoriasis (7 cases, 53.8%) than erythemato-squamous types (56 cases, 30.4%). On the other hand, the frequency of BMG increased with the severity of psoriasis in plaque-type psoriasis assessed by psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Nonspecific tongue lesions are frequently observed in psoriasis. Further studies are recommended to substantiate the clinical significance of these seemingly nonspecific findings in suspected psoriatic cases.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-5945-4-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,9]],"date-time":"2004-11-09T07:24:03Z","timestamp":1099985043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Tongue lesions in psoriasis: a controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Daneshpazhooh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Homayoon","family":"Moslehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Akhyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Etesami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"45_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(74)90146-7","volume":"37","author":"DR Weathers","year":"1974","unstructured":"Weathers DR, Baker G, Archard HO, Burkes EJ: Psoriasiform lesions of the oral mucosa (with emphasis on \"ectopic geographic tongue\").\n                           Oral surgery 1974, 37: 812\u2013888.","journal-title":"Oral surgery"},{"key":"45_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(02)00065-7","volume":"21","author":"AJ Bruce","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bruce AJ, Roger RS III: Oral psoriasis.\n                           Dermatol Clin 2003, 21: 99\u2013104.","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"45_CR3","first-page":"38","volume":"41","author":"A Buchner","year":"1976","unstructured":"Buchner A, Begleiter A: Oral lesions in psoriatic patients.\n                           Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1976, 41: 38\u201340.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"45_CR4","first-page":"98","volume":"41","author":"G Trigonides","year":"1986","unstructured":"Trigonides G, Markopoulos AK, Konstantinidis AB: Dermal psoriasis involving the oral cavity.\n                           J Oral Med 1986, 41: 98\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Oral Med"},{"key":"45_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90297-3","volume":"84","author":"SF Younai","year":"1997","unstructured":"Younai SF, Phelan JA: Oral mucositis with features of psoriasis: Report of a case and review of the literature.\n                           Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1997, 84: 61\u20137.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"45_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(77)90276-6","volume":"44","author":"SL Fischman","year":"1977","unstructured":"Fischman SL, Barnett ML, Nisengard RJ: Histopathologic, ultrastructural, immunologic findings in an oral psoriatic lesion.\n                           Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1977, 44: 253\u201360.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"45_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.12.1896","volume":"71","author":"DM Brice","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brice DM, Danesh-Meyer MJ: Oral lesions in patients with psoriasis: Clinical presentation and management.\n                           J Periodontol 2000, 71: 1896\u20131903.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"45_CR8","first-page":"80","volume":"66","author":"LJ Richardson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Richardson LJ, Kratochvil FJ, Zieper MB: Unusual palatal presentation of oral psoriasis.\n                           J Can Dent Assoc 2000, 66: 80\u20132.","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"45_CR9","first-page":"3047","volume-title":"In Rook\/ Wilkinson\/ Ebling Textbook of dermatology","author":"C Scully","year":"1998","unstructured":"Scully C: The oral cavity. In In Rook\/Wilkinson\/Ebling Textbook of dermatology. 6th edition. Edited by: Champion RH, Burton JL, Burns DA, Breathnach SM. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd; 1998:3047\u20133123.","edition":"6"},{"key":"45_CR10","first-page":"50","volume":"92","author":"J Hietanen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hietanen J, Salo OP, Kanerva L, Juvakoski T: Study of the oral mucosa in 200 consecutive patients with psoriasis.\n                           Scand J Dent Res 1984, 92: 50\u20134.","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"45_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1973.01620170052014","volume":"107","author":"E O'Keefe","year":"1973","unstructured":"O'Keefe E, Braverman IM, Cohen I: Annulus migrans. Identical lesions in pustularpsoriasis, Reiter's syndrome, and geographic tongue.\n                           Arch Dermatol 1973, 107: 240\u20134. 10.1001\/archderm.107.2.240","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"45_CR12","first-page":"998","volume-title":"Andrew's diseases of the skin. Clinical dermatology","author":"RB Odom","year":"2000","unstructured":"Odom RB, James WD, Berger TG: Andrew's diseases of the skin. Clinical dermatology. Ninth edition. WB. Saunders Company. Philadelphia; 2000:998.","edition":"Ninth"},{"key":"45_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01128.x","volume":"24","author":"M Ulmansky","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ulmansky M, Michelle R, Azaz B: Oral psoriasis: report of six new cases.\n                           J Oral Pathol Med 1995, 24: 42\u20135.","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"45_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(88)80161-9","volume":"17","author":"N Van der Wal","year":"1998","unstructured":"Van der Wal N, van der Kwast WAM, van Dijk E, van der Waal I: Geographic stomatitis and psoriasis.\n                           Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998, 17: 106\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"45_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(76)90228-0","volume":"41","author":"MA Pogrel","year":"1976","unstructured":"Pogrel MA, Cram D: Intraoral findings in patients with psoriasis with special reference to ectopic geographic tongue (erythema circinata).\n                           Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1976, 41: 174\u201381.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"45_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1974.tb13080.x","volume":"91","author":"TAJ Dawson","year":"1974","unstructured":"Dawson TAJ: Tongue lesions in generalized pustular psoriasis.\n                           Br J Dermatol 1974, 91: 419\u201324.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"45_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(74)90311-9","volume":"38","author":"TA Salmon","year":"1974","unstructured":"Salmon TA, Robertson GR, Tracy NH, Hiatt WR: Oral psoriasis.\n                           Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1974, 38: 48\u201354.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"45_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1972.43.1.35","volume":"43","author":"LE Jones","year":"1972","unstructured":"Jones LE, Dolby AE: Desquamative gingivitis associated with psoriasis.\n                           J Periodontol 1972, 43: 35\u20137.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"45_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1971.42.2.97","volume":"42","author":"G DeGregori","year":"1971","unstructured":"DeGregori G, Pippen R, Davies E: Psoriasis of the gingival and the tongue: Report of a case.\n                           J Periodontol 1971, 42: 97\u2013100.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"45_CR20","first-page":"339","volume":"49","author":"LF Morris","year":"1992","unstructured":"Morris LF, Phillips CM, Binnie WH, Sander HM, Silverman AK, Menter MA: Oral lesions in patients with psoriasis: a controlled study.\n                           Cutis 1992, 49: 339\u2013344.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"45_CR21","first-page":"91","volume":"124","author":"MF El Sayed","year":"1997","unstructured":"El Sayed MF, Marghuery M: Psoriasis.\n                           Ann Dermatol Venereol 1997, 124: 91\u2013104.","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"45_CR22","first-page":"213","volume":"50","author":"F Femiano","year":"2001","unstructured":"Femiano F: Geographic tongue (migrant glossitis) and psoriasis.\n                           Minerva Stomatol 2001, 50: 213\u20137.","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol"},{"key":"45_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(73)90264-8","volume":"36","author":"V Aboyans","year":"1973","unstructured":"Aboyans V, Ghaemmaghami A: The incidence of fissured tongue among 4009 Iranian dental outpatients.\n                           Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1973, 36: 34\u20138.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"45_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01379-7","volume":"113","author":"D Assimakopoulos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Assimakopoulos D, Patikakos G, Fotika C, Elisaf M: Benign migratory glossitis or geographic tongue: an enigmatic oral lesion.\n                           Am J Med 2002, 113: 751\u2013755. 10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01379-7","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"45_CR25","first-page":"1589","volume-title":"In Rook\/ Wilkinson\/ Ebling Textbook of dermatology","author":"RDR Camp","year":"1998","unstructured":"Camp RDR: Psoriasis. In In Rook\/Wilkinson\/Ebling Textbook of dermatology. 6th edition. Edited by: Champion RH, Burton JL, Burns DA, Breathnach SM. Oxford. Blackwell Science Ltd; 1998:1589\u20131649.","edition":"6"},{"key":"45_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07626.x","volume":"134","author":"CM Robinson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Robinson CM, Di Biase AT, Leigh IM, Williams DM, Thornhill M: Oral psoriasis.\n                           Br J Dermatol 1996, 134: 347\u20139. 10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.998720.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"45_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1976.01630310068018","volume":"112","author":"G Wagner","year":"1976","unstructured":"Wagner G, Luckasen JR, Goltz RW: Mucous membrane involvement in generalized pustular psoriasis. Report of three cases and review of the literature.\n                           Arch Dermatol 1976, 112: 1010\u201314. 10.1001\/archderm.112.7.1010","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"45_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1968.tb11947.x","volume":"80","author":"H Baker","year":"1968","unstructured":"Baker H, Ryan TJ: Generalized pustular psoriasis. A clinical and epidemiologic study of 104 cases.\n                           Br J Dermatol 1968, 80: 771\u201393.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"45_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1989.tb03124.x","volume":"15","author":"SL Zunt","year":"1989","unstructured":"Zunt SL, Tomich CE: Erythema migrans \u2013 a psoriasiform lesion of the oral mucosa.\n                           J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1989, 15: 1067\u20131070.","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"45_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(85)90293-2","volume":"60","author":"SA Ralls","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ralls SA, Warnock GR: Stomatitis areata migrans affecting the oral cavity.\n                           Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1985, 60: 197\u2013200.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"45_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(76)90228-0","volume":"4","author":"DK White","year":"1976","unstructured":"White DK, Leis HJ, Miller AS: Intraoral psoriasis associated with widespread dermal psoriasis.\n                           Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1976, 4: 174\u2013181.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"45_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(76)90210-3","volume":"42","author":"E Eidelman","year":"1976","unstructured":"Eidelman E, Chosack A, Cohen T: Scrotal tongue and geographic tongue: polygenic and associated traits.\n                           Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1976, 42: 591\u2013596.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"}],"container-title":["BMC Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-5945-4-16.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-5945-4-16\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-5945-4-16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-5945-4-16.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:58:21Z","timestamp":1728305901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcdermatol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-5945-4-16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["45"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-5945-4-16","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-5945"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-5945","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 June 2004","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2004","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2004","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"16"}}