{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:44:54Z","timestamp":1790235894132,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,15]],"date-time":"2004-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1103068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,15]],"date-time":"2004-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1103068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Dermatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pressure sores are important and common complications of spinal cord injury. Many preventive and therapeutic approaches have been tried and new trials are evolving. One relatively recent method is application of a hydrocolloid dressing (HD). In this study we compared the therapeutic effects of HD on pressure ulcer healing with two other topical applications, phenytoin cream (PC) and simple dressing (SD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-one stage I and stage II pressure ulcers of 83 paraplegic male victims of the Iran-Iraq war were randomly allocated to three treatment groups. Mean age and weight of the participants were 36.64 \u00b1 6.04 years and 61.12 \u00b1 5.08 kg, respectively. All the patients were managed in long term care units or in their homes for 8 weeks by a team of general practitioners and nurses, and the ulcer status was recorded as \"Complete healing\", \"Partial healing\", \"Without improvement\" and \"Worsening\".<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Complete healing of ulcers, regardless of location and stage, was better in the HD group than the PC [23\/31(74.19%) vs 12\/30(40%); difference: 34.19%, 95% CI = 10.85\u201357.52, (P &lt; 0.01)] or the SD [23\/31(74.19%) vs 8\/30(26.66%); difference: 47.53%, 95% CI = 25.45\u201369.61, (P &lt; 0.005)] groups. Complete healing of stage I ulcers in the HD group [11\/13(85%)] was better than in the SD [5\/11(45%); difference: 40%, 95% CI = 4.7\u201375.22, (P &lt; 0.05)] or PC [2\/9 (22%); difference: 63%, 95% CI = 29.69\u201396.3, (P &lt; 0.005)] groups. Complete healing of stage II ulcer in the HD group [12\/18 (67%)] was better than in the SD group [3\/19(16%); difference: 51%, 95% CI = 23.73\u201378.26, (P &lt; 0.005)], but not significantly different from the PC group [10\/21 (48%); difference: 19%, 95% CI = -11.47\u201349.47, (P &gt; 0.05)]. We performed a second analysis considering only one ulcer per patient (i.e. 83 ulcers in 83 patients). This \"per patient\" analysis showed that complete ulcer healing in the HD group was better than in the PC [20\/28(71.4%) vs 11\/28 (39.3%); difference: 32.1%, 95% CI = 7.4\u201356.7, (P &lt; 0.01)] or SD [20\/28(71.4%) vs 8\/27 (29.6%); difference: 41.8%, 95% CI = 17.7\u201365.8, (P &lt; 0.005)] groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We deduced that HD is the most effective method investigated for treating stage I and II pressure ulcers in young paraplegic men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-5945-4-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,12]],"date-time":"2005-01-12T11:25:14Z","timestamp":1105529114000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["A randomized clinical trial comparing hydrocolloid, phenytoin and simple dressings for the treatment of pressure ulcers [ISRCTN33429693]"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Hollisaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Khedmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Yari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"47_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(94)90117-1","volume":"75","author":"GM Yarkony","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yarkony GM: Pressure ulcers: a review.\n                           Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994, 75: 908\u2013917. 10.1016\/0003-9993(94)90117-1","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"47_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1981.47","volume":"19","author":"RR Richardson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Richardson RR, Meyer PR: Prevalence and incidence of pressure sores in acute spinal cord injuries.\n                           Paraplegia 1981, 19: 235\u2013245.","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"47_CR3","first-page":"11","volume":"3","author":"JS Young","year":"1981","unstructured":"Young JS, Burns PE: Pressure sores and the spinal cord injured.\n                           SCI Digest 1981, 3: 11\u201323.","journal-title":"SCI Digest"},{"key":"47_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1994.28","volume":"32","author":"GP Rodriguez","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rodriguez GP, Garber SL: Prospective study of pressure ulcer risk in spinal cord injury patients.\n                           Paraplegia 1994, 32: 150\u2013158.","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"47_CR5","first-page":"115","volume-title":"ASIA Abstracts Digest","author":"GW Whaton","year":"1987","unstructured":"Whaton GW, Milani JC, Dean LS: Pressure sore profile: cost and management.\n                           ASIA Abstracts Digest 1987, 115\u2013119."},{"key":"47_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90251-8","volume":"77","author":"SL Garber","year":"1996","unstructured":"Garber SL, Rintala DH, Rossi CD, Hart KA, Fuhrer MJ: Reported pressure ulcer prevention and management techniques by person with spinal cord injury.\n                           Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996, 77: 744\u2013749. 10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90251-8","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"47_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/74.9.812","volume":"74","author":"EL Nussbaum","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nussbaum EL, Biemann I, Mustard B: Comparison of ultrasound \/ultraviolet-C and laser for treatment of pressure ulcers in patient with spinal cord injury.\n                           Phys Ther 1994, 74: 812\u2013825.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"47_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harding K, Cutting K, Price P: The cost-effectiveness of wound management protocols of care.\n                           Br J Nurs 2000, (Suppl 9):6\u201324.","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2000.9.Sup3.12483"},{"key":"47_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2048-7940.1991.tb01163.x","volume":"16","author":"SM Basta","year":"1991","unstructured":"Basta SM: Pressure sore prevention education with the spinal cord injured.\n                           Rehabil Nurs 1991, 16: 6\u20138.","journal-title":"Rehabil Nurs"},{"key":"47_CR10","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Abstracts Digest of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the American Spinal Injury Association","author":"MN Ozer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ozer MN, Lappin C, Countney J, Hussey RW: Skin care program: Efficacy of patient participation. 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