{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T18:19:38Z","timestamp":1792433978305,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,4]],"date-time":"2004-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091577600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Dermatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>The objective of this study was to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the 10-item Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire in Iranian patients with vitiligo.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Using a standard \"forward-backward\" translation procedure, the English language version of the questionnaire was translated into Persian (the Iranian official language) by two bilinguals. Seventy patients with vitiligo attending the Department of Dermatology, Saadi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, were enrolled in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                        <jats:p>The reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaire were assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Spearman's correlation, respectively. Validity was performed using convergent validity.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>In all, seventy people entered into the study. The mean age of respondents was 28.3 (SD = 11.09) years. Scores on the DLQI ranged from 0 to 24 (mean \u00b1 SD, 7.05 \u00b1 5.13). Reliability analysis showed satisfactory result (Cronbach's \u03b1 coefficient = 0.77). There were no statistically significant differences between daily activity (DA) and personal relationship (PR) scale mean scores in generalized versus focal-segmental involvement in sufferers (P = 0.056, P = 0.053, respectively). There were also strong differences between the mean scores of the PR (personal relationship) scale with the involvement of covered only and covered\/uncovered areas (P= 0.016) that was statistically significant in the second group.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>The study findings showed that the Persian version of the DLQI questionnaire has a good structural characteristic and is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used for measuring the effects of vitiligo on quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-5945-4-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,7]],"date-time":"2004-08-07T06:24:02Z","timestamp":1091859842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["DLQI scores in vitiligo: reliability and validity of the Persian version"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Shahin","family":"Aghaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manouchehr","family":"Sodaifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peyman","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazila","family":"Mazharinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew Y","family":"Finlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"37_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2002.00590.x","volume":"16","author":"SK Mattoo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mattoo SK, Handa S, Kaur I, Gupta N, Malhotra R: Psychiatric morbidity in vitiligo: prevalence and correlates in India.\n                           J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2002, 16: 573\u2013578. 10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2002.00590.x","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"37_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-58","volume":"1","author":"D Parsad","year":"2003","unstructured":"Parsad D, Dogra S, Kanwar AJ: Quality of life in patients with vitiligo.\n                           Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2003, 1: 58. 10.1186\/1477-7525-1-58","journal-title":"Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"},{"key":"37_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1993.tb02234.x","volume":"18","author":"J Savin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Savin J: The hidden face of dermatology.\n                           Clin Exp Dermatol 1993, 18: 393\u2013395.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"37_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01167.x","volume":"19","author":"AY Finlay","year":"1994","unstructured":"Finlay AY, Khan G: Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI): a simple practical measure for routine clinical use.\n                           Clin Exp Dermatol 1994, 19: 210\u201316.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"37_CR5","volume-title":"Vitiligo and Other Hypomelanosis of Hair and Skin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ortonne JP, Mosher DB, Fitzpatrick TB, eds: Vitiligo and Other Hypomelanosis of Hair and Skin.\n                           New York: Plenum Press 1983."},{"key":"37_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1977.tb15180.x","volume":"97","author":"M Koga","year":"1977","unstructured":"Koga M: Vitiligo: A new classification and therapy.\n                           Br J Dermatol 1977, 97: 255\u2013261.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"37_CR7","volume-title":"New York: McGraw-Hill","author":"JC Nunnally","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH: Psychometric Theory.\n                           New York: McGraw-Hill\n                           3 Edition 1994.","edition":"3"},{"key":"37_CR8","first-page":"692","volume":"89","author":"AG De Tiedra","year":"1998","unstructured":"De Tiedra AG, Mercadal J, Badia X, Mascar\u00f3 JM, Herdmann M, Lozano R: Adaptaci\u00f3n transcultural al Espa\u00f1ol del cuestionario Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI): el \u00cdndice de Calidad de Vida en Dermatologia.\n                           Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas 1998, 89: 692\u2013700.","journal-title":"Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas"},{"issue":"7","key":"37_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1007\/s001050170102","volume":"52","author":"T Schafer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schafer T, Staudt A, Ring J: German instrument for the assessment of quality of life in skin diseases (DIELH). 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