{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:34:55Z","timestamp":1791167695661,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,24]],"date-time":"2005-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1111622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,24]],"date-time":"2005-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1111622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Dermatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>There are contradictory reports on the relationship between acne vulgaris and cigarette smoking. The objective of this study was to examine the relation between acne and cigarette smoking in a case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>A questionnaire on smoking habits was offered to 350 patients with acne vulgaris and 350 patients suffering from skin diseases other than acne, aged 15 \u2013 40 years, attending in a skin clinic in Tehran, Iran. The patients completed the questionnaires anonymously in the waiting room.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Two hundred and ninety-three patients with acne (response rate 83.7 %) and 301 patients with other skin diseases (response rate 86.0 %) completed the questionnaires. Twelve acne patients (4.1 %) and 27 control patients (9.0 %) were current smokers (odds ratio = 0.43, 95% confidence limits 0.22 \u2013 0.87, p &lt; 0.05). But after adjustment for sex, this difference was not significant (odds ratio: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.30\u20131.26, p &gt; 0.05, Mantel-Haenszel test).<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>An association between acne and cigarette smoking was not found in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-5945-5-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,25]],"date-time":"2005-03-25T07:16:08Z","timestamp":1111734968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Acne and smoking: is there a relationship?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Firooz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Sarhangnejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Massoud","family":"Davoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Nassiri-Kashani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"49_CR1","first-page":"1951","volume-title":"Rook\/Wilkinson\/Ebling textbook of dermatology","author":"WJ Cunliffe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cunliffe WJ, Simpson NB: Disorders of the sebaceous glands. 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