{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T20:14:01Z","timestamp":1772223241899,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,26]],"date-time":"2005-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117065600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Dermatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Highly variable results of topical diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) in the treatment of alopecia areata have been reported so far. The purposes of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of DPCP treatment in severe alopecia areata.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-eight patients (16 female and 12 male, 10\u201335 years old, mean age 25 years) with extensive alopecia areata were enrolled in an open-label clinical trial. After sensitization with 2% DPCP, progressively higher concentrations beginning at 0.001% were applied weekly for 6 months to one side of the scalp, after which, if terminal hair growth was noted, the entire scalp was then treated under the same weekly protocol. The maximum concentration of DPCP in acetone was 2%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-seven of 28 patients completed therapy. The overall response rate was 81.5% (22\/27), complete remission (90%-100% terminal hair re-growth) was obtained 22.2% (6\/27) and partial remission (10%-90% terminal hair re-growth) in 59.3% (16\/27). In all patients an eczematous reaction consisting of erythema, itching, and scaling at the site of application were observed. During therapy, other side effects including, occipital lymphadenopathy 40.7% (11\/27), severe eczema\/blister formation 40.7% (11\/27), hyperpigmentation 18.5% (5\/27) were observed, but no hypopigmentation, vitiligo, contact urticaria, and erythema multiforme-like reaction were seen in the patients. Nineteen of 27 (70.4%) patients had at least one side effect, other than eczematous reaction. Notably, partial recurrence was observed in 50.9% (13\/22) of these patients after 6 to 12 months of follow-up. During the follow-up time the maintenance DPCP immunotherapy was continued.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Topical DPCP treatment for alopecia areata is an effective therapy with a slightly high relapse rate during bilateral maintenance treatment. According to the author's knowledge this is the first experience with DPCP in Iran.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-5945-5-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,27]],"date-time":"2005-05-27T06:13:27Z","timestamp":1117174407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Topical immunotherapy of severe alopecia areata with diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP): experience in an Iranian population"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Shahin","family":"Aghaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"53_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70399-5","volume":"14","author":"VC Fiedler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fiedler VC, Alaiti S: Treatment of alopecia areata. Dermatol Clin 1996, 14: 733\u20138. 10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70399-5","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"53_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680210097016","volume":"128","author":"VC Fiedler","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fiedler VC: Alopecia areata: a review of therapy, efficacy, safety and mechanism. Arch Dermatol 1992, 128: 1519\u201329. 10.1001\/archderm.128.11.1519","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR3","first-page":"238","volume":"59","author":"RA Schwartz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schwartz RA, Jonninger CK: Alopecia areata. Cutis 1997, 59: 238\u201341.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"53_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30280-8","volume":"11","author":"J Shapiro","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shapiro J: Alopecia areata: Update on therapy. Dermatol Clin 1993, 11: 35\u201346.","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"53_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680210045005","volume":"128","author":"EA Olsen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Olsen EA, Carson SC, Turney EA: Systemic steroids with or without 2% topical minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol 1992, 128: 1467\u201373. 10.1001\/archderm.128.11.1467","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1979.04010100058026","volume":"115","author":"C Schmoeckel","year":"1979","unstructured":"Schmoeckel C, Weissman I, Pelwig G, Braun-Falco O: Treatment of alopecia areata by anthralin-induced dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1979, 115: 1254\u20135. 10.1001\/archderm.115.10.1254","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660350091020","volume":"123","author":"VC Fiedler-Weiss","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fiedler-Weiss VC, Buys CM: Evaluation of anthralin in the treatment of alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol 1987, 123: 1491\u20133. 10.1001\/archderm.123.11.1491","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1990.01670300056006","volume":"126","author":"VC Fiedler","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fiedler VC, Wendrow A, Szpunar GJ, Metzier C, De Villez RL: Treatment-resistant alopecia areata. Response to combination therapy with minoxidil plus anthralin. Arch Dermatol 1990, 126: 756\u20139. 10.1001\/archderm.126.6.756","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)80003-8","volume":"16","author":"VC Fiedler-Weiss","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fiedler-Weiss VC: Topical minoxidil solution (1% and 5%) in the treatment of alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987, 16: 745\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70032-D","volume":"22","author":"AK Gupta","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gupta AK, Ellis CN, Cooper KD, Nickoloff BJ, Ho VC, Chan LS, Hamilton TA, Tellner DC, Griffiths CE, Voorhees JJ: Oral cyclosporine for treatment of alopecia areata. A clinical and immunohistochemical analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990, 22: 242\u201350.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR11","first-page":"252","volume":"69","author":"A Gilhar","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gilhar A, Pillar T, Etzioni A: Topical cyclosporine A in alopecia areata. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1989, 69: 252\u20133.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh)"},{"key":"53_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90315-6","volume":"ii","author":"Y de Prost","year":"1986","unstructured":"de Prost Y, Teillac D, Paquez F, Carrugi L, Bachelez H, Touraine R: Placebo-controlled trials of topical cyclosporine in severe alopecia areata. Lancet 1986, ii: 803\u20134. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90315-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"53_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1990.01670300060007","volume":"126","author":"KL Magee","year":"1990","unstructured":"Magee KL, Hsu SM, Tucker SB: Trial of intralesional interferon-alpha in the treatment of alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol 1990, 126: 760\u20132. 10.1001\/archderm.126.6.760","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR14","first-page":"199","volume":"10","author":"S Ge","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ge S: Treatment of alopecia areata with acupuncture. J Trad Chinese Med 1990, 10: 199\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Trad Chinese Med"},{"key":"53_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1978.01640190024007","volume":"114","author":"L Daman","year":"1978","unstructured":"Daman L, Rosenberg W, Drake L: Treatment of alopecia areata with DNCB. Arch Dermatol 1978, 114: 1036\u20138. 10.1001\/archderm.114.7.1036","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1159\/000250380","volume":"161","author":"R Happle","year":"1980","unstructured":"Happle R, Kalveran KJ, Buchner U, Echternacht-Happle K, Goggelmann W, Summer KH: Contact allergy as a therapeutic tool for alopecia areata: application of squaric acid dibutylester. Dermatologica 1980, 161: 289\u201397.","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"53_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555634952","volume":"63","author":"R Happle","year":"1983","unstructured":"Happle R, Hansen BM, Wiesner-Menzel L: Diphenylcyclopropenone in the treatment of alopecia areata. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1983, 63: 49\u201352.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh)"},{"key":"53_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.109309","volume":"44","author":"C Cotellessa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cotellessa C, Peris K, Caracciolo E: The use of topical diphenylcyclopropenone for the treatment of extensive alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001, 44: 73\u20136. 10.1067\/mjd.2001.109309","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.05881.x","volume":"150","author":"O Simonetti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Simonetti O, Lucarini G, Bernardini ML, Simoncini C, Biagini G, Offidani A: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, apoptosis inhibitors (survivin and p16) and CCL27 in alopecia areata before and after diphencyprone treatment: an immunohistochemical study. Br J Dermatol 2004, 150: 940\u2013948. 10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.05881.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"53_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)02141-8","volume":"49","author":"L Tang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tang L, Lui H, Sundberg JP, Bissonnette R, McLean DI, Shapiro J: Restoration of hair growth with topical diphencyprone in mouse and rat models of alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003,49(6):1013\u20139. 10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)02141-8","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000246337","volume":"92","author":"K Weise","year":"1996","unstructured":"Weise K, Kretzschmar L, John SM, Hamm H: Topical immunotherapy in alopecia areata: anamnestic and clinical criteria of prognostic significance. Dermatology 1996, 92: 129\u201333.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"53_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1159\/000247540","volume":"184","author":"PHM Van der Steen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Van der Steen PHM, Boezeman JBM, Happle R: Topical immunotherapy for alopecia areata: Re-evaluation of 139 cases after an additional follow-up of 19 months. Dermatology 1992, 184: 198\u2013201.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"53_CR23","first-page":"699","volume":"17","author":"BM Hausen","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hausen BM, Stute J: Diphenylcyclopropenone: a strong contact sensitizer. Chem Industry 1980, 17: 699\u2013700.","journal-title":"Chem Industry"},{"key":"53_CR24","first-page":"331","volume":"36","author":"H Kietzmann","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kietzmann H, Hardung H, Christophers E: Terapie der alopecia areata mit Diphenylcyclopropenon. Hautarzt 1985, 36: 331\u20135. Abstract","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"53_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb06317.x","volume":"134","author":"PM Gordon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gordon PM, Aldridge RD, McVittie E, Hunter JAA: Topical diphencyprone for alopecia areata: evaluation of 48 cases after 30 months' follow-up. Br J Dermatol 1996, 134: 869\u201371. 10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.119854.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR26","first-page":"1063","volume":"137","author":"MC Wiseman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wiseman MC, Shapiro J, McDonald N, Lui H: Predictive model for immunotherapy of alopecia areata with diphencyprone. Arch Dermatol 2001, 137: 1063\u20131068.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.1.112","volume":"138","author":"R Happle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Happle R: Diphencyprone for the treatment of alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol 2002, 138: 112\u2013113. 10.1001\/archderm.138.1.112","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"53_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70037-3","volume":"24","author":"PHM Van der Steen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Van der Steen PHM, Van Baar HJM, Perret CM, Happle R: Treatment of alopecia areata with diphenylcyclopropenone. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991, 24: 253\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["BMC Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-5945-5-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-5945-5-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-5945-5-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-5945-5-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T03:57:01Z","timestamp":1706241421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcdermatol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-5945-5-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,26]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["53"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-5945-5-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-5945"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-5945","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2005","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2005","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2005","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"6"}}