{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T19:40:05Z","timestamp":1760298005544},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Oligomeric and fibrillar aggregates of the amyloid \u03b2-peptide (A\u03b2) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The characterization of A\u03b2 assemblies is essential for the elucidation of the mechanisms of A\u03b2 neurotoxicity, but requires large quantities of pure peptide. Here we describe a novel approach to the recombinant production of A\u03b2. The method is based on the coexpression of the affibody protein Z<jats:sub>A\u03b23<\/jats:sub>, a selected affinity ligand derived from the Z domain three-helix bundle scaffold. Z<jats:sub>A\u03b23<\/jats:sub> binds to the amyloidogenic central and C-terminal part of A\u03b2 with nanomolar affinity and consequently inhibits aggregation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Coexpression of Z<jats:sub>A\u03b23<\/jats:sub> affords the overexpression of both major A\u03b2 isoforms, A\u03b2(1\u201340) and A\u03b2(1\u201342), yielding 4 or 3 mg, respectively, of pure <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N-labeled peptide per liter of culture. The method does not rely on a protein-fusion or -tag and thus does not require a cleavage reaction. The purified peptides were characterized by NMR, circular dichroism, SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography, and their aggregation propensities were assessed by thioflavin T fluorescence and electron microscopy. The data coincide with those reported previously for monomeric, largely unstructured A\u03b2. Z<jats:sub>A\u03b23<\/jats:sub> coexpression moreover permits the recombinant production of A\u03b2(1\u201342) carrying the Arctic (E22G) mutation, which causes early onset familial AD. A\u03b2(1\u201342)E22G is obtained in predominantly monomeric form and suitable, e.g., for NMR studies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The coexpression of an engineered aggregation-inhibiting binding protein offers a novel route to the recombinant production of amyloidogenic A\u03b2 peptides that can be advantageously employed to study the molecular basis of AD. The presented expression system is the first for which expression and purification of the aggregation-prone Arctic variant (E22G) of A\u03b2(1\u201342) is reported.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-8-82","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,30]],"date-time":"2008-10-30T19:14:22Z","timestamp":1225394062000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Recombinant amyloid beta-peptide production by coexpression with an affibody ligand"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Bertil","family":"Macao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Hoyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Sandberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann-Christin","family":"Brorsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torleif","family":"H\u00e4rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"351_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0706-780","volume":"12","author":"C Mount","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mount C, Downton C: Alzheimer disease: progress or profit?. 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