{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:28:16Z","timestamp":1782484096537,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mechanisms of transmigration of inflammatory cells through the sinusoids are still poorly understood. This study aims to identify in vitro conditions (cytokine treatment) which may allow a better understanding of the changes in PECAM (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule)-1-gene-expression observed in vivo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study we show by immunohistochemistry, that there is an accumulation of ICAM-1 (intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1) and ED1 positive cells in necrotic areas of livers of CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-treated rats, whereas there are few PECAM-1 positive cells observable. After the administration of CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, we could detect an early rise of levels of IFN-\u03b3 followed by an enhanced TGF-\u03b2 protein level. As shown by Northern blot analysis and surface protein expression analysed by flow cytometry, IFN-\u03b3-treatment decreased PECAM-1-gene-expression in isolated SECs (sinusoidal endothelial cells) and mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) in parallel with an increase in ICAM-1-gene-expression in a dose and time dependent manner. In contrast, TGF-\u03b2-treatment increased PECAM-1-expression. Additional administration of IFN-\u03b3 to CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-treated rats and observations in IFN-\u03b3<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>mice confirmed the effect of IFN-\u03b3 on PECAM-1 and ICAM-1-expression observed in vitro and increased the number of ED1-expressing cells 12 h after administration of the toxin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The early decrease of PECAM-1-expression and the parallel increase of ICAM-1-expression following CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-treatment is induced by elevated levels of IFN-\u03b3 in livers and may facilitate adhesion and transmigration of inflammatory cells. The up-regulation of PECAM-1-expression in SECs and MNPs after TGF-\u03b2-treatment suggests the involvement of PECAM-1 during the recovery after liver damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6793-8-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,8]],"date-time":"2008-05-08T19:07:12Z","timestamp":1210273632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Decrease of PECAM-1-gene-expression induced by proinflammatory cytokines IFN-\u03b3 and IFN-\u03b1 is reversed by TGF-\u03b2 in sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic mononuclear phagocytes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Katrin","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lindhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyrylo","family":"Tron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Ramadori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Saile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"109_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01162-6","volume":"18","author":"E Bianchi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bianchi E, Bender JR, Blasi F, Pardi R: Through and beyond the wall: late steps in leukocyte transendothelial migration. Immunol Today. 1997, 18: 586-91. 10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01162-6.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"109_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.7.2068.2068","volume":"84","author":"TM Carlos","year":"1994","unstructured":"Carlos TM, Harlan JM: Leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecules. Blood. 1994, 84: 2068-2075.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"109_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80114-1","volume":"8","author":"D Dunon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dunon D, Piali L, Imhof BA: To stick or not to stick: The new leukocyte homing paradigm. Current Opinion in cell Biology. 1996, 8: 714-723. 10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80114-1.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in cell Biology"},{"key":"109_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1155\/2000\/79045","volume":"7","author":"JA Madri","year":"2000","unstructured":"Madri JA, Graesser D: Cell migration in the immune system: the evolving interrelated roles of adhesion molecules and proteinases. Dev Immunol. 2000, 7: 103-16.","journal-title":"Dev Immunol"},{"key":"109_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2000.17717.x","volume":"177","author":"F Sallusto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A: Understanding dendritic cell and T-lymphocyte traffic through the analysis of chemokine receptor expression. Immunol Rev. 2000, 177: 134-40. 10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2000.17717.x.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"109_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90337-9","volume":"76","author":"TA Springer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Springer TA: Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell. 1994, 76: 301-314. 10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90337-9.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"109_CR7","first-page":"738","volume":"143","author":"A Couvelard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Couvelard A, Scoazec JY, Feldmann G: Expression of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion proteins by sinusoidal endothelial cells in the normal and cirrhotic human liver. Am J Pathol. 1993, 143: 738-52.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"109_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140508","volume":"14","author":"J-Y Scoazec","year":"1991","unstructured":"Scoazec J-Y, Feldmann G: In situ immunotyping study of endothelial cells of the human hepatic sinusoid: result and functional implication. Hepatology. 1991, 14: 789-797. 10.1002\/hep.1840140508.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"109_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80072-8","volume":"20","author":"JY Scoazec","year":"1994","unstructured":"Scoazec JY, Feldmann G: The cell adhesion molecules of hepatic sinusoidal cells. J Hepatol. 1994, 20: 296-300. 10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80072-8.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"109_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.3.1059","volume":"179","author":"S Bogen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bogen S, Pak J, Garifallou M, Deng X, Muller WA: Monoclonal antibody to murine PECAM-1 (CD31) blocks acute inflammation in vivo. J Exp Med. 1994, 179: 1059-1064. 10.1084\/jem.179.3.1059.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"109_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.7.1349","volume":"185","author":"F Liao","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liao F, Ali J, Greene T, Muller WA: Soluble domain 1 of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) is sufficient to block transendothelial migration in vitro and in vivo. J Exp Med. 1997, 185: 1349-57. 10.1084\/jem.185.7.1349.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"109_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.2.449","volume":"178","author":"WA Muller","year":"1993","unstructured":"Muller WA, Weigl SA, Deng X, Phillips DM: PECAM-1 is required for transendothelial migration of leukocytes. J Exp Med. 1993, 178: 449-60. 10.1084\/jem.178.2.449.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"109_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.5.3022","volume":"162","author":"GS Duncan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Duncan GS, Andrew DP, Takimoto H, Kaufman SA, Yoshido H, Spellberg J, de la Pompa JL, Elia A, Wakeham A, Karan-Tami B, Muller WA, Senaldi G, Zukowski MM, Mak TW: Genetic evidence for functional redundancy of Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1): CD31-deficient mice reveal PECAM-1 dependent and PECAM-1 independent functions. J Immunol. 1999, 162: 3022-3030.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"109_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80096-3","volume":"32","author":"K Neubauer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Neubauer K, Wilfling T, Ritzel A, Ramadori G: PECAM-1 expression in sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver. J Hepatol. 2000, 32: 921-32. 10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80096-3.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"109_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(00)00203-0","volume":"74","author":"K Neubauer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Neubauer K, Ritzel A, Saile B, Ramadori G: Decrease of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1-gene-expression in inflammatory cells and in endothelial cells in the rat liver following CCl4-administration and in vitro after treatment with TNF-alpha. Immumol Lett. 2000, 74: 153-64. 10.1016\/S0165-2478(00)00203-0.","journal-title":"Immumol Lett"},{"key":"109_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36155","volume":"36","author":"K Koerber","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koerber K, Sass G, Kiemer AK, Vollmar AM, Tiegs G: In vivo regulation of inducible no synthase in immune-mediated liver injury in mice. Hepatology. 2002, 36: 1061-9. 10.1053\/jhep.2002.36155.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"109_CR17","first-page":"23","volume":"25","author":"JL Taylor","year":"1998","unstructured":"Taylor JL, Grossberg SE: The effects of interferon-alpha on the production and action of other cytokines. Semin Oncol. 1998, 25: 23-9.","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"109_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(00)01827-5","volume":"22","author":"A Nakao","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nakao A: Is TGF-beta1 the key to suppression of human asthma?. Trends Immunol. 2001, 22: 115-8. 10.1016\/S1471-4906(00)01827-5.","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"109_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-927395","volume":"45","author":"B Saile","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saile B, Ramadori G: Inflammation, damage repair and liver fibrosis--role of cytokines and different cell types. Z Gastroenterol. 2007, 45: 77-86. 10.1055\/s-2006-927395.","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"109_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-927397","volume":"45","author":"G Tiegs","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tiegs G: Cellular and cytokine-mediated mechanisms of inflammation and its modulation in immune-mediated liver injury. Z Gastroenterol. 2007, 45: 63-70. 10.1055\/s-2006-927397.","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"109_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2004.01.003","volume":"36","author":"M Pinzani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pinzani M, Rombouts K: Liver fibrosis: from the bench to clinical targets. Dig Liver Dis. 2004, 36: 231-242. 10.1016\/j.dld.2004.01.003.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"109_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8456300","volume":"259","author":"DK Dalton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dalton DK, Pitts-Meek S, Keshav S, Figari IS, Bradley A, Stewart TA: Multiple defects of immune cell function in mice with disrupted interferon-gamma genes. Science. 1993, 259: 1739-1742. 10.1126\/science.8456300.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"109_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3109\/08977198908997998","volume":"1","author":"MJ Czaja","year":"1989","unstructured":"Czaja MJ, Flanders KC, Biempica L, Klein C, Zern MA, Weiner FR: Expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in acute liver injury. Growth Factors. 1989, 1: 219-226. 10.3109\/08977198908997998.","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"109_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280318","volume":"28","author":"B Grasl-Kraupp","year":"1998","unstructured":"Grasl-Kraupp B, Rossmanith W, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Mullauer L, Kammerer B, Bursch W, Schulte-Hermann R: Levels of transforming growth factor beta and transforming growth factor beta receptors in rat liver during growth, regression by apoptosis and neoplasia. Hepatology. 1998, 28: 717-726. 10.1002\/hep.510280318.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"109_CR25","first-page":"325","volume":"42","author":"J Daniluk","year":"1994","unstructured":"Daniluk J, Chibowski D, Szuster-Ciesielska A, Kandefer-Szerszen M: Effect of carbon tetrachloride intoxication and ethanol ingestion on interferon production in mice. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1994, 42: 325-330.","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"key":"109_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3550","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.9.3550","volume":"156","author":"T Murohara","year":"1996","unstructured":"Murohara T, Delyani JA, Albelda SM, Lefer AM: Blockade of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 protects against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in cats. J Immunol. 1996, 156: 3550-3557.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"109_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8248808","volume":"262","author":"AA Vaporciyan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vaporciyan AA, Delisser HM, Yan H, Thom SR, Jones ML, Ward PA, Abelda SM: Involvement of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 in neutrophil recruitment in vivo. Science. 1993, 262: 1580-1582. 10.1126\/science.8248808.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"109_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4872","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.10.4872","volume":"158","author":"M Christofidou-Solomidou","year":"1997","unstructured":"Christofidou-Solomidou M, Nakada MT, Williams J, Muller WA, Delisser HM: Neutrophil platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 participates in neutrophil recruitment at inflammatory sites and is down-regulated after leukocyte extravasation. J Immunol. 1997, 158: 4872-8.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"109_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200211150-00012","volume":"74","author":"SM Ensminger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ensminger SM, Spriewald BM, Steger U, Morris PJ, Mak TW, Wood KJ: Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) expression on donor endothelial cells attenuates the development of transplant arteriosclerosis. Transplantation. 2002, 74: 1267-73. 10.1097\/00007890-200211150-00012.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"109_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4206","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.9.4206","volume":"153","author":"P Lastres","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lastres P, Almendro N, Bellon T, Lopez-Guerrero JA, Eritja R, Bernabeu C: Functional regulation of platelet\/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 by TGF-beta 1 in promonocytic U-937 cells. J Immunol. 1994, 153: 4206-18.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"109_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00404-0","volume":"3","author":"HL Weng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weng HL, Wang BE, Jia JD, Wu WF, Xian JZ, Mertens PR, Cai WM, Dooley S: Effect of interferon-gamma on hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a randomized controlled study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005, 3: 819-828. 10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00404-0.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"109_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.09.014","volume":"46","author":"H Weng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weng H, Mertens PR, Gressner AM, Dooley S: IFN-gamma abrogates profibrogenic TGF-beta signaling in liver by targeting expression of inhibitory and receptor Smads. J Hepatol. 2007, 46: 295-303. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.09.014.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"109_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7115","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/17.17.7115","volume":"17","author":"V Barbu","year":"1989","unstructured":"Barbu V, Dautry F: Northern blot normalization with a 28S RNA oligonucleotide probe. Nucl Acid Res. 1989, 17: 7115-7119. 10.1093\/nar\/17.17.7115.","journal-title":"Nucl Acid Res"},{"key":"109_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5883","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00566a034","volume":"19","author":"RJ Schwartz","year":"1980","unstructured":"Schwartz RJ, Haron JA, Rothblum KM, Dugaiczyk A: Regulation of muscle differentiation: Cloning of sequences from alpha-actin messenger ribonucleic acid. Biochemistry. 1980, 19: 5883-5890. 10.1021\/bi00566a034.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"109_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm3.1992.373.1.271","volume":"373","author":"HC Estler","year":"1992","unstructured":"Estler HC, Grewe M, Gaussling R, Pavlovic M, Decker K: Rat tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Transcription in rat Kupffer cells and in vitro posttranslational processing based on a PCR-derived cDNA. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1992, 373: 271-81.","journal-title":"Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler"},{"key":"109_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80269-8","volume":"24","author":"K Neubauer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Neubauer K, Knittel T, Aurisch S, Fellmer P, Ramadori G: GFAP allows identification of Ito cells in normal and damaged rat liver and in culture. J Hepatol. 1996, 24: 719-730. 10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80269-8.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"109_CR37","first-page":"185","volume":"78","author":"K Neubauer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Neubauer K, Eichhorst ST, Wilfling T, Buchenau M, Xia L, Ramadori G: Sinusoidal ICAM-1 upregulation precedes the accumulation of LFA-1 positive cells and tissue necrosis in a model of CCl4-induced acute rat liver injury. Lab Invest. 1998, 78: 185-194.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"109_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040425","volume":"4","author":"Y Yokoi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Yokoi Y, Namihase T, Kuroda H, Komatsu I, Miyazaki A, Watanabe S, Usui K: Immunocytical detection of desmin in fat-storing cells (Ito-cells). Hepatology. 1984, 4: 709-714.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"109_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02899560","volume":"60","author":"H Herbst","year":"1991","unstructured":"Herbst H, Heinrichs O, Schuppan D, Milani S, Stein H: Temporal and spatial patterns of transin\/stromylesin RNA expression following toxic injury in rat liver. Virchows Arch B. 1991, 60: 295-300. 10.1007\/BF02899560.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch B"},{"key":"109_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040307","volume":"4","author":"AM De Leeuw","year":"1984","unstructured":"De Leeuw AM, Mc Carthy SB, Geerts A, Knook DL: Purified rat liver fat-storing cells in culture divide and contain collagen. Hepatology. 1984, 4: 392-403.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"109_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80212-1","volume":"25","author":"T Armbrust","year":"1996","unstructured":"Armbrust T, Ramadori G: Functional characterization of two different Kupffer cell populations in normal rat liver. J Hepatol. 1996, 25: 518-528. 10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80212-1.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"109_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(77)90011-8","volume":"109","author":"DL Knook","year":"1977","unstructured":"Knook DL, Blansjaar N, Sleyster EC: Isolation and characterization of Kupffer and endothelial cells from the rat liver. Exp Cell Res. 1977, 109: 317-329. 10.1016\/0014-4827(77)90011-8.","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"109_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90211-2","volume":"108","author":"K Neubauer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Neubauer K, Knittel T, Armbrust T, Ramadori T: Accumulation of fibrinogen during short term and long term rat liver injury. Gastroenterology. 1995, 108: 1124-1135. 10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90211-2.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"109_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5294","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00591a005","volume":"18","author":"JM Chirgwin","year":"1979","unstructured":"Chirgwin JM, Przybyla AB, Mac Donald RJ, Rutter WJ: Isolation of biochemically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979, 18: 5294-5300. 10.1021\/bi00591a005.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"109_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","volume":"227","author":"U Laemmli","year":"1970","unstructured":"Laemmli U: Cleavage of structural protein during the assemby of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970, 227: 680-682. 10.1038\/227680a0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"109_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4350","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.9.4350","volume":"76","author":"H Towbin","year":"1979","unstructured":"Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J: Electrophoresis transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1979, 76: 4350-4354. 10.1073\/pnas.76.9.4350.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["BMC Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6793-8-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T06:29:07Z","timestamp":1684391347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcphysiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6793-8-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6793-8-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 November 2007","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2008","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2008","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"9"}}