{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:15:38Z","timestamp":1790072138615,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice has been used in a number of studies to model human cardiac disease. In this study, we compared the transcriptional response of the heart in this model to other animal models of heart failure, as well as to the transcriptional response of human hearts suffering heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed microarray analyses on RNA from mice with isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and mice with exercise-induced physiological hypertrophy and identified 865 and 2,534 genes that were significantly altered in pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy models, respectively. We compared our results to 18 different microarray data sets (318 individual arrays) representing various other animal models and four human cardiac diseases and identified a canonical set of 64 genes that are generally altered in failing hearts. We also produced a pairwise similarity matrix to illustrate relatedness of animal models with human heart disease and identified ischemia as the human condition that most resembles isoproterenol treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall patterns of gene expression are consistent with observed structural and molecular differences between normal and maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and support a role for the immune system (or immune cell infiltration) in the pathology of stress-induced hypertrophy. Cross-study comparisons such as the results presented here provide targets for further research of cardiac disease that might generally apply to maladaptive cardiac stresses and are also a means of identifying which animal models best recapitulate human disease at the transcriptional level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6793-9-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,10]],"date-time":"2009-12-10T07:54:47Z","timestamp":1260431687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Transcriptional profile of isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy and comparison to exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy and human cardiac failure"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Cristi L","family":"Galindo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mounir","family":"Errami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L Danielle","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren J","family":"McIver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil M","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thinh Q","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold R","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"146_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.2741\/2681","volume":"13","author":"D Catalucci","year":"2008","unstructured":"Catalucci D, Latronico MV, Ellingsen O, Condorelli G: Physiological myocardial hypertrophy: how and why?. Front Biosci. 2008, 13: 312-324. 10.2741\/2681.","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"146_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04585.x","volume":"34","author":"JR McMullen","year":"2007","unstructured":"McMullen JR, Jennings GL: Differences between pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy: novel therapeutic strategies to treat heart failure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2007, 34 (4): 255-262.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"146_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90094-4","volume":"20","author":"DD Schocken","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schocken DD, Arrieta MI, Leaverton PE, Ross EA: Prevalence and mortality rate of congestive heart failure in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992, 20 (2): 301-306.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"146_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1983","volume":"7","author":"J Heineke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heineke J, Molkentin JD: Regulation of cardiac hypertrophy by intracellular signalling pathways. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006, 7 (8): 589-600. 10.1038\/nrm1983.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"146_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.02.020","volume":"40","author":"SP Barry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barry SP, Davidson SM, Townsend PA: Molecular regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008, 40 (10): 2023-2039. 10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.02.020.","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"146_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00110-2","volume":"39","author":"G Hasenfuss","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hasenfuss G: Animal models of human cardiovascular disease, heart failure and hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res. 1998, 39 (1): 60-76. 10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00110-2.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"146_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2007.01.003","volume":"56","author":"P Balakumar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Balakumar P, Singh AP, Singh M: Rodent models of heart failure. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 2007, 56 (1): 1-10. 10.1016\/j.vascn.2007.01.003.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods"},{"issue":"10 Suppl","key":"146_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S214","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200110001-00003","volume":"29","author":"SM Schwartz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schwartz SM, Duffy JY, Pearl JM, Nelson DP: Cellular and molecular aspects of myocardial dysfunction. Crit Care Med. 2001, 29 (10 Suppl): S214-219. 10.1097\/00003246-200110001-00003.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"146_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11387","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.162370099","volume":"99","author":"FL Tan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tan FL, Moravec CS, Li J, Apperson-Hansen C, McCarthy PM, Young JB, Bond M: The gene expression fingerprint of human heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002, 99 (17): 11387-11392. 10.1073\/pnas.162370099.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"146_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-6-205","volume":"6","author":"X Huang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huang X, Pan W, Grindle S, Han X, Chen Y, Park SJ, Miller LW, Hall J: A comparative study of discriminating human heart failure etiology using gene expression profiles. BMC Bioinformatics. 2005, 6: 205-10.1186\/1471-2105-6-205.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"146_CR11","unstructured":"Exercised induced hypertrophy. [http:\/\/cardiogenomics.med.harvard.edu\/groups\/proj1\/pages\/swim_home.html]"},{"issue":"11","key":"146_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2005.04684.x","volume":"272","author":"CC Strom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Strom CC, Aplin M, Ploug T, Christoffersen TE, Langfort J, Viese M, Galbo H, Haunso S, Sheikh SP: Expression profiling reveals differences in metabolic gene expression between exercise-induced cardiac effects and maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy. Febs J. 2005, 272 (11): 2684-2695. 10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2005.04684.x.","journal-title":"Febs J"},{"key":"146_CR13","unstructured":"Gene expression profile induced by moderate physical exercise in heart left ventricles in rat. [http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/geo\/query\/acc.cgi?acc=GSE7640]"},{"issue":"1","key":"146_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00226.2004","volume":"21","author":"SW Kong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kong SW, Bodyak N, Yue P, Liu Z, Brown J, Izumo S, Kang PM: Genetic expression profiles during physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in rats. Physiol Genomics. 2005, 21 (1): 34-42. 10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00226.2004.","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"146_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00269.2007","volume":"33","author":"A Bye","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bye A, Langaas M, Hoydal MA, Kemi OJ, Heinrich G, Koch LG, Britton SL, Najjar SM, Ellingsen O, Wisloff U: Aerobic capacity-dependent differences in cardiac gene expression. Physiol Genomics. 2008, 33 (1): 100-109. 10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00269.2007.","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"146_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H830","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00761.2002","volume":"284","author":"GM Diffee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Diffee GM, Seversen EA, Stein TD, Johnson JA: Microarray expression analysis of effects of exercise training: increase in atrial MLC-1 in rat ventricles. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003, 284 (3): H830-837.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"146_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2005.01494.x","volume":"185","author":"M Iemitsu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Iemitsu M, Maeda S, Miyauchi T, Matsuda M, Tanaka H: Gene expression profiling of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Acta Physiol Scand. 2005, 185 (4): 259-270.","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"issue":"5262","key":"146_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5262.731","volume":"272","author":"AA Geisterfer-Lowrance","year":"1996","unstructured":"Geisterfer-Lowrance AA, Christe M, Conner DA, Ingwall JS, Schoen FJ, Seidman CE, Seidman JG: A mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Science. 1996, 272 (5262): 731-734. 10.1126\/science.272.5262.731.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"146_CR19","unstructured":"Genomics of Cardiovascular Development, Adaptation, and Remodeling. NHLBI Program for Genomic Applications, Harvard Medical School. [http:\/\/www.cardiogenomics.org]"},{"issue":"1","key":"146_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00040.2004","volume":"19","author":"M Zhao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhao M, Chow A, Powers J, Fajardo G, Bernstein D: Microarray analysis of gene expression after transverse aortic constriction in mice. Physiol Genomics. 2004, 19 (1): 93-105. 10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00040.2004.","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"146_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00028.2006","volume":"27","author":"M Mirotsou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mirotsou M, Dzau VJ, Pratt RE, Weinberg EO: Physiological genomics of cardiac disease: quantitative relationships between gene expression and left ventricular hypertrophy. Physiol Genomics. 2006, 27 (1): 86-94. 10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00028.2006.","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"issue":"6-7","key":"146_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/cfg.428","volume":"5","author":"CC Strom","year":"2004","unstructured":"Strom CC, Kruhoffer M, Knudsen S, Stensgaard-Hansen F, Jonassen TE, Orntoft TF, Haunso S, Sheikh SP: Identification of a core set of genes that signifies pathways underlying cardiac hypertrophy. Comp Funct Genomics. 2004, 5 (6-7): 459-470. 10.1002\/cfg.428.","journal-title":"Comp Funct Genomics"},{"issue":"39","key":"146_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14471","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602543103","volume":"103","author":"E Bisping","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bisping E, Ikeda S, Kong SW, Tarnavski O, Bodyak N, McMullen JR, Rajagopal S, Son JK, Ma Q, Springer Z, et al: Gata4 is required for maintenance of postnatal cardiac function and protection from pressure overload-induced heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006, 103 (39): 14471-14476. 10.1073\/pnas.0602543103.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"146_CR24","unstructured":"Transcriptomic analysis of PPARalpha-dependent alterations during cardiac hypertrophy. [http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/geo\/query\/acc.cgi?acc=GSE12337]"},{"key":"146_CR25","unstructured":"Changes in cardiac transcription profiles brought about by heart failure. [http:\/\/cardiogenomics.med.harvard.edu\/groups\/proj1\/pages\/swim_home.html]"},{"issue":"4","key":"146_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2004.10.002","volume":"51","author":"E El-Demerdash","year":"2005","unstructured":"El-Demerdash E, Awad AS, Taha RM, El-Hady AM, Sayed-Ahmed MM: Probucol attenuates oxidative stress and energy decline in isoproterenol-induced heart failure in rat. Pharmacol Res. 2005, 51 (4): 311-318. 10.1016\/j.phrs.2004.10.002.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"146_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.133975","volume":"324","author":"M Errami","year":"2008","unstructured":"Errami M, Galindo CL, Tassa AT, Dimaio JM, Hill JA, Garner HR: Doxycycline attenuates isoproterenol- and transverse aortic banding-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008, 324 (3): 1196-1203. 10.1124\/jpet.107.133975.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"146_CR28","first-page":"443","volume":"67","author":"G Rona","year":"1959","unstructured":"Rona G, Chappel CI, Balazs T, Gaudry R: An infarct-like myocardial lesion and other toxic manifestations produced by isoproterenol in the rat. AMA Arch Pathol. 1959, 67 (4): 443-455.","journal-title":"AMA Arch Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"146_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2003001200018","volume":"36","author":"FS Evangelista","year":"2003","unstructured":"Evangelista FS, Brum PC, Krieger JE: Duration-controlled swimming exercise training induces cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2003, 36 (12): 1751-1759. 10.1590\/S0100-879X2003001200018.","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"146_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2001, 25 (4): 402-408. 10.1006\/meth.2001.1262.","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"5830","key":"146_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1137325","volume":"316","author":"JB Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim JB, Porreca GJ, Song L, Greenway SC, Gorham JM, Church GM, Seidman CE, Seidman JG: Polony multiplex analysis of gene expression (PMAGE) in mouse hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Science. 2007, 316 (5830): 1481-1484. 10.1126\/science.1137325.","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["BMC Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6793-9-23.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T18:18:41Z","timestamp":1630433921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcphysiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6793-9-23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6793-9-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 April 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2009","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2009","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"23"}}