{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T01:15:43Z","timestamp":1789780543910,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]],"date-time":"2011-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303084800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The role of episiotomy as a protective factor against pelvic floor disorders postpartum has been debated for many years, but its routine use has been hitherto discouraged in the literature. Comparisons between restrictive and routine use of episiotomy in existent literature, however, fail to include any consideration relating to quality of life. The aim of this study, therefore, is to state the role of episiotomy in preserving the perineum from damage, in order to prevent the influence of pelvic floor disorders on women's psycho-physical wellness after the sixth month postpartum.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A follow-up telephone interview was performed among 377 primiparous and secondiparous Caucasian women who had a child by spontaneous or operative vaginal delivery in 2006 using a self-created questionnaire and King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The mean age at delivery was 35.26 (\u00b14.68) years and episiotomy was performed in 59.2% of women. Multivariate linear regression shows episiotomy associated to higher quality of life after the sixth month postpartum by correlating with inferior values of King's Health Questionnaire (p &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Episiotomy appears to be a protective factor for women's wellness. Women who had episiotomy and who experienced perineal symptoms have a better psycho-physical health status in the 12.79 months (\u00b13.3) follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-11-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,19]],"date-time":"2011-05-19T18:50:52Z","timestamp":1305831052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Impact of episiotomy on pelvic floor disorders and their influence on women's wellness after the sixth month postpartum: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Serena","family":"Bertozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambrogio P","family":"Londero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arrigo","family":"Fruscalzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenza","family":"Driul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Delneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Calcagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Di Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Marchesoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"226_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.02.028","volume":"192","author":"JOL DeLancey","year":"2005","unstructured":"DeLancey JOL: The hidden epidemic of pelvic floor dysfunction: achievable goals for improved prevention and treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005, 192 (5): 1488-1495. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.02.028.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"226_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/00042307-199907000-00001","volume":"9","author":"JW Th\u00fcroff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Th\u00fcroff JW: Epidemiology of bladder control problems. Curr Opin Urol. 1999, 9 (4): 283-284. 10.1097\/00042307-199907000-00001.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"issue":"2A Suppl","key":"226_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)90001-2","volume":"51","author":"CK Payne","year":"1998","unstructured":"Payne CK: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and evaluation of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder. Urology. 1998, 51 (2A Suppl): 3-10. 10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)90001-2.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"4","key":"226_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02469.x","volume":"46","author":"D Thom","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thom D: Variation in estimates of urinary incontinence prevalence in the community: effects of differences in definition, population characteristics, and study type. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998, 46 (4): 473-480.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"6250","key":"226_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.281.6250.1243","volume":"281","author":"TM Thomas","year":"1980","unstructured":"Thomas TM, Plymat KR, Blannin J, Meade TW: Prevalence of urinary incontinence. Br Med J. 1980, 281 (6250): 1243-1245. 10.1136\/bmj.281.6250.1243.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"226_CR6","volume-title":"Edizioni Minerva Medica","author":"P Di Benedetto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Di Benedetto P: Riabilitazione Uro-ginecologica. Edizioni Minerva Medica. 2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"226_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01902375","volume":"7","author":"KL Burgio","year":"1996","unstructured":"Burgio KL, Locher JL, Zyczynski H, Hardin JM, Singh K: Urinary incontinence during pregnancy in a racially mixed sample: characteristics and predisposing factors. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 1996, 7 (2): 69-73. 10.1007\/BF01902375.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"issue":"10","key":"226_CR8","first-page":"525","volume":"85","author":"G Mellier","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mellier G, Delille MA: [Urinary disorders during pregnancy and post-partum]. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet. 1990, 85 (10): 525-528.","journal-title":"Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"4","key":"226_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000232504.32589.3b","volume":"108","author":"D Borello-France","year":"2006","unstructured":"Borello-France D, Burgio KL, Richter HE, Zyczynski H, Fitzgerald MP, Whitehead W, Fine P, Nygaard I, Handa VL, Visco AG, Weber AM, Brown MB, Pelvic Floor Disorders Network: Fecal and urinary incontinence in primiparous women. Obstet Gynecol. 2006, 108 (4): 863-872. 10.1097\/01.AOG.0000232504.32589.3b.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"226_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00248-8","volume":"92","author":"S Meyer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Meyer S, Schreyer A, Grandi PD, Hohlfeld P: The effects of birth on urinary continence mechanisms and other pelvic-floor characteristics. Obstet Gynecol. 1998, 92 (4 Pt 1): 613-618. 10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00248-8.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"226_CR11","first-page":"123","volume":"7","author":"S M\u00f8rkved","year":"1997","unstructured":"M\u00f8rkved S, B\u00f8 K: Prevalence and treatment of post partum urinary incontinence. Norsk Epidemiologi. 1997, 7 (1): 123-127.","journal-title":"Norsk Epidemiologi"},{"issue":"4","key":"226_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181eda77a","volume":"116","author":"E Hals","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hals E, Oian P, Pirhonen T, Gissler M, Hjelle S, Nilsen EB, Severinsen AM, Solsletten C: Hartgill T, Pirhonen J. A multicenter interventional program to reduce the incidence of anal sphincter tears. Obstet Gynecol. 2010, 116 (4): 901-908. 10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181eda77a.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"226_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31816c4402","volume":"111","author":"K Laine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Laine K, Pirhonen T, Rolland R, Pirhonen J: Decreasing the incidence of anal sphincter tears during delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2008, 111 (5): 1053-1057. 10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31816c4402.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"226_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91500-1","volume":"172","author":"L Longo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Longo L: A Treatise of Midwifry, in Three Parts (Fielding Ould). Classic Pages In Obstetrics And Gynecology. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1995, 172 (4): 1317-1319. 10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91500-1.","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"226_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-198306000-00003","volume":"38","author":"SB Thacker","year":"1983","unstructured":"Thacker SB, Banta HD: Benefits and risks of episiotomy: an interpretative review of the English language literature, 1860-1980. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1983, 38 (6): 322-338. 10.1097\/00006254-198306000-00003.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"issue":"2","key":"226_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(05)70077-2","volume":"26","author":"MG Myers-Helfgott","year":"1999","unstructured":"Myers-Helfgott MG, Helfgott AW: Routine use of episiotomy in modern obstetrics. Should it be performed?. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1999, 26 (2): 305-325. 10.1016\/S0889-8545(05)70077-2.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"226_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199511000-00021","volume":"50","author":"RJ Woolley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Woolley RJ: Benefits and risks of episiotomy: a review of the English-language literature since 1980. Part II. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1995, 50 (11): 821-835. 10.1097\/00006254-199511000-00021.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"226_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carroli G, Mignini L: Episiotomy for vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009, CD000081-1","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000081.pub2"},{"issue":"2","key":"226_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.06.005","volume":"137","author":"V Andrews","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andrews V, Thakar R, Sultan AH, Jones PW: Evaluation of postpartum perineal pain and dyspareunia-a prospective study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008, 137 (2): 152-156. 10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.06.005.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"226_CR20","first-page":"1S59","volume":"35","author":"B Langer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Langer B, Minetti A: [Immediate and long term complications of episiotomy]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2006, 35 (1 Suppl): 1S59-1S67.","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)"},{"issue":"3","key":"226_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(94)90070-1","volume":"171","author":"MC Klein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Klein MC, Gauthier RJ, Robbins JM, Kaczorowski J, Jorgensen SH, Franco ED, Johnson B, Waghorn K, Gelfand MM, Guralnick MS: Relationship of episiotomy to perineal trauma and morbidity, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic floor relaxation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994, 171 (3): 591-598.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"226_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.02353.x","volume":"110","author":"VEM Fleming","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fleming VEM, Hagen S, Niven C: Does perineal suturing make a difference? The SUNS trial. BJOG. 2003, 110 (7): 684-689. 10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.02353.x.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"4","key":"226_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.1998.00226.x","volume":"25","author":"PA Murphy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Murphy PA, Feinland JB: Perineal outcomes in a home birth setting. Birth. 1998, 25 (4): 226-234. 10.1046\/j.1523-536X.1998.00226.x.","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"4","key":"226_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-005-1293-6","volume":"16","author":"A Connolly","year":"2005","unstructured":"Connolly A, Thorp J, Pahel L: Effects of pregnancy and childbirth on postpartum sexual function: a longitudinal prospective study. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2005, 16 (4): 263-267. 10.1007\/s00192-005-1293-6.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"issue":"2","key":"226_CR25","first-page":"89","volume":"61","author":"L Driul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Driul L, Delneri C, Bertozzi S, Londero AP, Petrovec MM, Di Benedetto P, Marchesoni D: [Prevalence of urinary incontinence and pelviperineal rehabilitation during the postpartum in a cohort of primipara and secondipara patients]. Minerva Ginecol. 2009, 61 (2): 89-95.","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"226_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/19317610903408130","volume":"22","author":"S Bertozzi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bertozzi S, Londero AP, Fruscalzo A, Driul L, Marchesoni D: Prevalence and Risk Factors for Dyspareunia and Unsatisfying Sexual Relationships in a Cohort of Primiparous and Secondiparous Women After 12 Months Postpartum. International Journal of Sexual Health. 2010, 22 (1): 47-53. 10.1080\/19317610903408130.","journal-title":"International Journal of Sexual Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"226_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11006.x","volume":"104","author":"CJ Kelleher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kelleher CJ, Cardozo LD, Khullar V, Salvatore S: A new questionnaire to assess the quality of life of urinary incontinent women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997, 104 (12): 1374-1379. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11006.x.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"226_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02243-4","volume":"61","author":"P Abrams","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, Griffiths D, Rosier P, Ulmsten U, Kerrebroeck PV, Victor A, Wein A, Standardisation Sub-Committee of the International Continence Society: The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Urology. 2003, 61 (1): 37-49. 10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02243-4.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"226_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.11.1311","volume":"300","author":"I Nygaard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nygaard I, Barber MD, Burgio KL, Kenton K, Meikle S, Schaffer J, Spino C, Whitehead WE, Wu J, Brody DJ, for the Pelvic Floor Disorders Network: Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women. JAMA. 2008, 300: 1311-1316. 10.1001\/jama.300.11.1311.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"226_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021788","volume":"348","author":"G Rortveit","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rortveit G, Daltveit AK, Hannestad YS, Hunskaar S, Study NE: Urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section. N Engl J Med. 2003, 348 (10): 900-907. 10.1056\/NEJMoa021788.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"226_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1053\/sper.2003.50001","volume":"27","author":"C O'Herlihy","year":"2003","unstructured":"O'Herlihy C: Obstetric perineal injury: risk factors and strategies for prevention. Semin Perinatol. 2003, 27 (1): 13-19. 10.1053\/sper.2003.50001.","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"226_CR32","first-page":"765","volume":"75","author":"P Shiono","year":"1990","unstructured":"Shiono P, Klebanoff MA, Carey JC: Midline episiotomies: more harm than good?. Obstet Gynecol. 1990, 75 (5): 765-770.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6874-11-12.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1472-6874-11-12\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6874-11-12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6874-11-12.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T13:46:23Z","timestamp":1630503983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6874-11-12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6874-11-12","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"12"}}