{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:34:03Z","timestamp":1791221643348,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]],"date-time":"2011-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321488000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem in Africa and worldwide. HIV infected women face increased IPV risk. We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with IPV among HIV infected women attending HIV care in Kabale hospital, Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted among 317 HIV infected women attending Kabale regional hospital HIV treatment centre, from March to December 2010. Participants were interviewed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was collected on socio-demographic variables, social habits, and IPV (using the abuse assessment screen and the Severity of Violence against Women Scale to identify physical, sexual and psychological violence). Characteristics of the participants who reported IPV were compared with those who did not. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis was conducted to analyze factors that were independently associated with IPV.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The mean age of 317 respondents was 29.7 years. Twenty two (6.9%) were adolescents and 233 (73.5%) were married or cohabiting. The mean age of the spouse was 33.0 years.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>One hundred and eleven (35.0%) were currently on antiretroviral therapy. Lifetime prevalence of IPV (physical or sexual) was 36.6%. In the preceding 12 months, IPV (any type) was reported by 93 respondents (29.3%). This was physical for 55 (17.6%), and sexual \/psychological for 38 (12.1%). On multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis, there was a significant but inverse association between education level and physical partner violence (adjusted relative risk (ARR) 0.50, confidence limits (95% CI) 0.31-0.82, p-value = 0.007). There was a significant but inverse association between education level of respondent and sexual\/psychological violence (ARR 0.47 95%CI (0.25-0.87), p-value = 0.017) Likewise, there was a significant inverse association between the education level of the spouse and psychological\/sexual violence (ARR 0.57, 95% CI 0.25-0.90, p-value = 0.018). Use of antiretroviral therapy was associated with increased prevalence of any type of violence (physical, sexual or psychological) with ARR 3.04 (95%CI 1.15-8.45, p-value = 0.032).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Almost one in three women living with HIV had suffered intimate partner violence in the preceding 12 months. Nearly one in five HIV patients reported physical violence, and about one in every seven HIV patients reported sexual\/psychological violence. Likewise, women who were taking antiretroviral drugs for HIV treatment were more likely to report any type of intimate partner violence (physical, sexual or psychological). The implication of these findings is that women living with HIV especially those on antiretroviral drugs should be routinely screened for intimate partner violence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-11-50","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,6]],"date-time":"2011-12-06T19:27:24Z","timestamp":1323199644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Intimate partner violence among women with HIV infection in rural Uganda: critical implications for policy and practice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Michael O","family":"Osinde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan K","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Othman","family":"Kakaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9619","key":"263_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60522-X","volume":"371","author":"M Ellsberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ellsberg M, Jansen HA, Heise L, Watts CH, Garcia-Moreno C, WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women Study Team: Intimate partner violence and women's physical and mental health in the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence: an observational study. 1. Lancet. 2008, 371 (9619): 1165-1172. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60522-X.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9543","key":"263_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69523-8","volume":"368","author":"C Garcia-Moreno","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garcia-Moreno C, Jansen HA, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Watts CH, WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women Study Team: Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence. Lancet. 2006, 368 (9543): 1260-1269. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69523-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"263_CR3","first-page":"53","volume":"81","author":"MA Koenig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koenig MA, Lutalo T, Zhao F, Nalugoda F, Wabwire-Mangen F, Kiwanuka N, et al: Domestic violence in rural Uganda: evidence from a community-based study. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation. 2003, 81: 53-60.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organisation"},{"key":"263_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.8.1331","volume":"92","author":"S Maman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Maman S, Mbwambo JK, Hogan NM, Kilonzo GP, Campbell JC, Weiss E, et al: HIV positive women report more lifetime partner violence: findings from a voluntary counseling and testing clinic in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. American Journal of Public Health. 2002, 92: 1331-1337. 10.2105\/AJPH.92.8.1331.","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"263_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-7-11","volume":"16","author":"N Andersson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andersson N, Ho-Foster A, Mitchell S, Scheepers E, Goldstein S: Risk factors for domestic physical violence: a national cross-sectional household survey in eight southern African countries. BMC Women's Health. 2007, 16: 11.","journal-title":"BMC Women's Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"263_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01711.x","volume":"11","author":"DK Kaye","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kaye DK, Mirembe FM, Bantebya G, Johansson A, Ekstrom AM: Domestic violence during pregnancy and risk of low birthweight and maternal complications: a prospective cohort study at Mulago Hospital, Uganda. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2006, 11 (10): 1576-1584. 10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01711.x.","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"263_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01531.x","volume":"11","author":"DK Kaye","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kaye DK, Mirembe FM, Bantebya G, Johansson A, Ekstrom AM: Domestic violence as risk factor for unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2006, 11 (1): 90-101. 10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01531.x.","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"key":"263_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838007303505","volume":"8","author":"JC Campbell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Campbell JC, Glass N, Sharps PW, Laughon K, Bloom T: Intimate partner homicide: review and implications of research and policy. Trauma Violence and Abuse. 2007, 8: 246-269. 10.1177\/1524838007303505.","journal-title":"Trauma Violence and Abuse"},{"key":"263_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260507304551","volume":"22","author":"D Rosen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rosen D, Seng JS, Tolman RM, Mallinger G: Intimate partner violence, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder as additional predictor of low birth weight infants among low-income mothers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2007, 22: 1305-1314. 10.1177\/0886260507304551.","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"5","key":"263_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.00458.x","volume":"83","author":"Y Neggers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Neggers Y, Goldenberg R, Cliver S, Hauth J: Effects of domestic violence on preterm birth and low birth weight. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologia Scandinavica. 2004, 83 (5): 455-460.","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologia Scandinavica"},{"key":"263_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-284","volume":"6","author":"CA Karamagi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Karamagi CA, Tumwine JK, Tylleskar T, Heggenhougen K: Intimate partner violence against women in eastern Uganda: implications for HIV prevention. BMC Public Health. 2006, 6: 284-10.1186\/1471-2458-6-284.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"263_CR12","volume-title":"Uganda Demographic and Health Survey","author":"Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS)","year":"2006","unstructured":"Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS): Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. 2006, Entebbe, Uganda; Uganda Bureau of Statistics and ORC Macro"},{"key":"263_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh194","volume":"160","author":"KL Dunkle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Brown HC, Yoshihama M, Gray GE, McIntyre JA, et al: Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence and revictimization among women attending antenatal clinics in Soweto, South Africa. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2004, 160: 230-239. 10.1093\/aje\/kwh194.","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"263_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2652-13-6","volume":"13","author":"R Jewkes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jewkes R, Morrell R: Gender and sexuality: emerging perspectives from the heterosexual epidemic in South Africa and implications for HIV risk and prevention. Journal of the International AIDS Society. 2010, 13: 6.","journal-title":"Journal of the International AIDS Society"},{"key":"263_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000247582.00826.52","volume":"20","author":"K Dunkle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dunkle K, Jewkes R, Nduna M, Levin J, Jama N, Khuzwayo N, et al: Perpetration of partner violence and HIV risk behaviour among young men in the rural Eastern Cape. AIDS. 2006, 20: 2107-2114. 10.1097\/01.aids.0000247582.00826.52.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"263_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(01)00068-2","volume":"13","author":"N el-Bassel","year":"2001","unstructured":"el-Bassel N, Fontdevila J, Gilbert L, Voisin D, Richman BL, Pitchell P: HIV risks of men in methadone maintenance treatment programs who abuse their intimate partners: a forgotten issue. Journal of Substance Abuse. 2001, 13 (1-2): 29-43. 10.1016\/S0899-3289(01)00068-2.","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"263_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-007-9333-5","volume":"13","author":"IB Zablotska","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zablotska IB, Gray RH, Koenig MA, Serwadda D, Nalugoda F, Kigozi G, et al: Alcohol use, intimate partner violence, sexual coercion and HIV among women aged 15-24 in Rakai, Uganda. AIDS and Behavior. 2009, 13 (2): 225-33. 10.1007\/s10461-007-9333-5.","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"issue":"20","key":"263_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.20.1967","volume":"282","author":"SL Martin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Martin SL, Kilgallen B, Tsui AO, Maitra K, Singh KK, Kupper LL: Sexual behaviors and reproductive health outcomes: associations with wife abuse in India. JAMA. 1999, 282 (20): 1967-1972. 10.1001\/jama.282.20.1967.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"263_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.023366","volume":"83","author":"JG Silverman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silverman JG, Decker MR, Kapur NA, Gupta J, Raj A: Violence against wives, sexual risk and sexually transmitted infection among Bangladeshi men. Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2007, 83 (3): 211-215.","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"issue":"6","key":"263_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200204120-00019","volume":"16","author":"P Gaillard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gaillard P, Melis R, Mwanyumba F, Claeys P, Muigai E, Mandaliya K, et al: Vulnerability of women in an African setting: lessons for mother-to-child HIV transmission prevention programmes. AIDS. 2002, 16 (6): 937-9. 10.1097\/00002030-200204120-00019.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"5","key":"263_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181a255d6","volume":"51","author":"MR Decker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Decker MR, Seage GR, Hemenway D, Raj A, Saggurti N, Balaiah D, et al: Intimate partner violence functions as both a risk marker and risk factor for women's HIV infection: findings from Indian husband-wife dyads. Journal of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 2009, 51 (5): 593-600. 10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181a255d6.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome"},{"issue":"9419","key":"263_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16098-4","volume":"363","author":"KL Dunkle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Brown HC, Gray GE, McIntyre JA, Harlow SD: Gender-based violence, relationship power, and risk of HIV infection in women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa. Lancet. 2004, 363 (9419): 1415-1421. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16098-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"263_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01955.x","volume":"12","author":"L Myer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Myer L, Rebe K, Morroni C: Missed opportunities to address reproductive health care needs among HIV-infected women in antiretroviral therapy programmes. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2007, 12 (12): 1484-1489. 10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01955.x.","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"263_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01083.x","volume":"90","author":"MC Ezeanochie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ezeanochie MC, Olagbuji BN, Ande AB, Kubeyinje WE, Okonofua FE: Prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence against HIV sero-positive pregnant women in a Nigerian population. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologia Scandinavica. 2011, 90 (5): 535-539. 10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01083.x.","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologia Scandinavica"},{"issue":"3","key":"263_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120903193617","volume":"22","author":"N Christofides","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christofides N, Jewkes R: Acceptability of universal screening for intimate partner violence in voluntary HIV testing and counseling services in South Africa and service implications. AIDS Care. 2010, 22 (3): 279-285. 10.1080\/09540120903193617.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"263_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480230068030","volume":"267","author":"J McFarlane","year":"1992","unstructured":"McFarlane J, Parker B, Soeken K, Bullock LF: Brief report. Assessing for abuse during pregnancy. JAMA. 1992, 267: 3176-3178. 10.1001\/jama.267.23.3176.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"263_CR27","volume-title":"WHO Multi-Country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence: Core Questionnaire and WHO Instrument-Version 9","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000","unstructured":"World Health Organization: WHO Multi-Country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence: Core Questionnaire and WHO Instrument-Version 9. 2000, Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"263_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000341778.73038.86","volume":"22","author":"N Andersson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andersson N, Cockcroft A, Shea B: Gender-based violence and HIV: relevance for HIV prevention n hyperendemic countries of southern Africa. AIDS. 2008, 22 (Suppl 4): S73-86. 10.1097\/01.aids.0000341778.73038.86.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"263_CR29","unstructured":"Garcia-Moreno C, Watts C: Violence against women: its importance for HIV\/AIDS. AIDS. 14 (Suppl 3): S253-265."},{"key":"263_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.6.703","volume":"300","author":"JG Silverman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Silverman JG, Decker MR, Saggurti N, Balaiah D, Raj A: Intimate partner violence and HIV infection among married Indian women. JAMA. 2008, 300: 703-710. 10.1001\/jama.300.6.703.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"263_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00012-6","volume":"56","author":"RK Jewkes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jewkes RK, Levin JB, Penn-Kekana LA: Gender inequalities, intimate partner violence and HIV preventive practices: findings of a South African cross-sectional study. Social Science and Medicine. 2003, 56: 125-134. 10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00012-6.","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"263_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-005-9007-0","volume":"9","author":"K Fonck","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fonck K, Els L, Kidula N, Ndinya-Achola J, Temmerman M: Increased risk of HIV in women experiencing physical partner violence in Nairobi, Kenya. AIDS and Behavior. 2005, 9: 335-339. 10.1007\/s10461-005-9007-0.","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"key":"263_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.07.027","volume":"63","author":"R Jewkes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jewkes R, Dunkle K, Koss MP, Levin JB, Nduna M, Sikweyiya Y: Rape perpetration by young, rural South African men: Prevalence, patterns and risk factors. Social Science and Medicine. 2006, 63: 2949-2961. 10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.07.027.","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"263_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.023366","volume":"83","author":"JG Silverman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silverman JG, Decker MR, Kapur NA, Gupta J, Raj A: Violence against wives, sexual risk and sexually transmitted infection among Bangladeshi men. Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2007, 83: 211-215.","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"key":"263_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9680-5","volume":"15","author":"L Townsend","year":"2011","unstructured":"Townsend L, Jewkes R, Mathews C, Johnston LG, Flisher AJ, Zembe Y, et al: HIV risk behaviors and their relationship to intimate partner violence (IPV) among men who have female sexual partners in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2011, 15: 132-141. 10.1007\/s10461-010-9680-5.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"263_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000247582.00826.52","volume":"20","author":"KL Dunkle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Nduna M, Levin J, Jama N, Khuzwayo N, et al: Perpetration of partner violence and HIV risk behaviour among young men in the rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. AIDS. 2006, 20: 2107-2114. 10.1097\/01.aids.0000247582.00826.52.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"263_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328307a040","volume":"22","author":"PM Pronyk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pronyk PM, Kim JC, Abramsky T, Phetla G, Hargreaves JR, Morison LA, et al: A combined microfinance and training intervention can reduce HIV risk behaviour in young female participants. AIDS. 2008, 22: 1659-1665. 10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328307a040.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"9734","key":"263_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60548-X","volume":"376","author":"RK Jewkes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jewkes RK, Dunkle K, Nduna M, Shai N: Intimate partner violence, relationship power inequity, and incidence of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: a cohort study. Lancet. 2010, 376 (9734): 41-48. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60548-X.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"263_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022311424652","volume":"2","author":"A van der Straten","year":"1998","unstructured":"van der Straten A, King R, Grimstead O, Vittinghoff E, Serufilira A, Allen S: Sexual coercion, physical violence and HIV infection among women in steady relationships in Kigali, Rwanda. AIDS and Behavior. 1998, 2: 61-73. 10.1023\/A:1022311424652.","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"issue":"12","key":"263_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14257","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014257","volume":"5","author":"G Harling","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harling G, Msisha W, Subramanian SV: No association between HIV and intimate partner violence among women in 10 developing countries. PLoS One. 2010, 5 (12): e14257-10.1371\/journal.pone.0014257.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"263_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl218","volume":"35","author":"R Jewkes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jewkes R, Dunkle K, Nduna M, Levin J, Jama N, Khuzwayo N, et al: Factors associated with HIV sero-status in young rural South African women: Connections between intimate partner violence and HIV. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2006, 35: 1461-1468. 10.1093\/ije\/dyl218.","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6874-11-50.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1472-6874-11-50\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6874-11-50","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6874-11-50.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T17:48:52Z","timestamp":1630518532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6874-11-50"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6874-11-50","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"50"}}