{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:41:03Z","timestamp":1790858463831,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,20]],"date-time":"2012-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1334880000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Uterine receptivity and implantation are complex processes requiring coordinated expression of molecules by zygote and uterus. Our objective was to evaluate the role of the endometrial expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and its glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor molecules and their secretion in uterine flushing during the window of implantation in cases of primary unexplained infertility<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study was conducted on 25 infertile women with unexplained infertility for at least two years and 10 normal fertile women as a control group . Endometrial tissue and uterine flushing were obtained. Each tissue specimen was divided into two pieces; one piece was used for histological dating of the endometrium and for immunostaining of progesterone receptors, and the second was used for RNA extraction and PCR assay of LIF and gp130 mRNA expression. Serum estrogen and progesterone were measured for all subjects. LIF mRNA was expressed in the endometrium of all normal fertile women but significantly decreased in infertile women. LIF was not detectable in 88% of infertile women while it was fairly detectable in 12% of them. Gp130 mRNA was hardly detectable in both fertile and infertile women with no difference between them. Infertile women secreted significantly less LIF and gp130 molecules in the uterine flushing compared with normal fertile women.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Expression of LIF mRNA in endometrium could be used as a molecular marker of unexplained infertility. Assessment of secreted LIF and gp130 molecules in uterine flushing could be another useful and safe method for predicting successful implantation as well as for diagnosing and eventually treating women with impaired fertility using recombinant human LIF.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-12-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,20]],"date-time":"2012-04-20T16:14:56Z","timestamp":1334938496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Assessment of leukemia inhibitory factor and glycoprotein 130 expression in endometrium and uterine flushing: a possible diagnostic tool for impaired fertility"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Manal A","family":"Tawfeek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal A","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azza M","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hesham A","family":"El-Serogy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"285_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7354.28","volume":"325","author":"DJ Cahill","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cahill DJ, Wardle PG: Management of Infertility. Brit Med J. 2002, 325: 28-32. 10.1136\/bmj.325.7354.28.","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"issue":"suppl. B","key":"285_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(03)00134-6","volume":"24","author":"F Dominguez","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dominguez F, Pellicer A, Simon C: The chemokine connection: hormonal and embryonic regulation at the human maternal-embryonic interface- a review. Placenta. 2003, 24 (suppl. B): S48-S55.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"285_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-2-408","volume":"72","author":"D Navot","year":"1991","unstructured":"Navot D, Bergh PA, Williams M, Garrisi GJ, Guzman I, Sandler B, Fox J, Schreiner-Engel P, Hofmann GE, Grunfeld L: An insight into early reproductive processes through the in vivo model of ovum donation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991, 72: 406-414.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"285_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6934(02)00130-X","volume":"17","author":"AM Sharkey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sharkey AM, Smith SK: The endometrium as a cause of implantation failure. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2003, 17: 289-307. 10.1016\/S1521-6934(02)00130-X.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"285_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02878-3","volume":"76","author":"A Lass","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lass A, Weiser W, Munafo A, Loumaye E: Leukemia inhibitory factor in human reproduction. Fertil Steril. 2001, 76: 1091-1096. 10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02878-3.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"285_CR6","first-page":"17","volume":"54","author":"LA Salamonsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salamonsen LA, Menkhorst E, Dimitriadis E: Leukemia inhibitory factor and human endometrial receptivity. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2010, 54: 17-26.","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"285_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)90667-1","volume":"1997","author":"E Hambartsoumian","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hambartsoumian E: Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) in cervical mucus of infertile woman . Relationship with Endometrial LIF secretion. Fertil Steril. 1997, 1997 (Supplement 1): 18-18.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"285_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.02.008","volume":"127","author":"M Kralickova","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kralickova M, Sima R, Vanecek T, Sima P, Rokyta Z, Ulcova-Gallova Z, Sucha R, Uher P, Hes O: Leukemia inhibitory factor gene mutations in the population of infertile women are not restricted to nulligravid patients. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2006, 127: 231-235. 10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.02.008.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"285_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00492.x","volume":"58","author":"M Mikolajczyk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mikolajczyk M, Wirstlein P, Skrzypczak J: The impact of leukemia inhibitory factor in uterine flushing on the reproductive potential of infertile women\u2013a prospective study. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2007, 58: 65-74. 10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00492.x.","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"285_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3953","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.8.8766","volume":"87","author":"JR Sherwin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sherwin JR, Smith SK, Wilson A, Sharkey AM: Soluble gp130 is up-regulated in the implantation window and shows altered secretion in patients with primary unexplained infertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002, 87: 3953-3960. 10.1210\/jc.87.8.3953.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"285_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.3.569","volume":"12","author":"SM Laird","year":"1997","unstructured":"Laird SM, Tuckerman EM, Dalton CF, Dunphy BC, Li TC, Zhang X: The production of leukemia inhibitory factor by human endometrium: presence in uterine flushing and production by cells in culture. Hum Reprod. 1997, 12: 569-574. 10.1093\/humrep\/12.3.569.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"285_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0520289","volume":"52","author":"JB Maathuis","year":"1978","unstructured":"Maathuis JB, Aitken RJ: Cyclic variation in concentrations of protein and hexose in human uterine flushings collected by an improved technique. J Reprod Fertil. 1978, 52: 289-295. 10.1530\/jrf.0.0520289.","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"285_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15272.x","volume":"100","author":"TC Li","year":"1993","unstructured":"Li TC, Ling E, Dalton C, Bolton AE, Cooke ID: Concentrations of endometrial protein pp 14 in uterine flushing throughout the menstrual cycle in normal fertile subjects. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1993, 100: 460-464. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15272.x.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"285_CR14","first-page":"112","volume":"25","author":"F Driessen","year":"1980","unstructured":"Driessen F, Holwerda PJ, vd Putte SC, Kremer J: The significance of dating an endometrial biopsy for the prognosis of the infertile couple. Int J Fertil. 1980, 25: 112-116.","journal-title":"Int J Fertil"},{"key":"285_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod50.4.882","volume":"50","author":"K Kojima","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kojima K, Kanzaki H, Iwai M, Hatayama H, Fujimoto M, Inoue T, Horie K, Nakayama H, Fujita J, Mori T: Expression of leukemia inhibitory factor in human endometrium and placenta. Biol Reprod. 1994, 50: 882-887. 10.1095\/biolreprod50.4.882.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"285_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(03)00315-4","volume":"112","author":"T Steck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Steck T, Giess R, Suetterlin MW, Bolland M, Wiest S, Poehls UG, Dietl J: Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) gene mutations in women with unexplained infertility and recurrent failure of implantation after IVF and embryo transfer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2004, 112: 69-73. 10.1016\/S0301-2115(03)00315-4.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"285_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.2.508","volume":"63","author":"ZP Yue","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yue ZP, Yang ZM, Wei P, Li SJ, Wang HB, Tan JH, Harper MJ: Leukemia inhibitory factor, leukemia inhibitory factor receptor, and glucoprotein 130 in rhesus monkey uterus during menstrual cycle and early pregnancy. Biol Reprod. 2000, 63: 508-512. 10.1095\/biolreprod63.2.508.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"285_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gam013","volume":"13","author":"K Wanggren","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wanggren K, Lalitkumar PG, Hambiliki F, St\u00e5bi B, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Stavreus-Evers A: Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor and gp130 in the human fallopian tube and endometrium before and after mifepristone treatment and in the human preimplantation embryo. Mol Hum Reprod. 2007, 13: 387-391.","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"285_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2005.07.004","volume":"69","author":"E Dimitriadis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dimitriadis E, Stoikos C, Stafford-Bell M, Clark I, Paiva P, Kovacs G, Salamonsen LA: Interleukin-11, IL-11 receptor \u03b1 and leukemia inhibitory factor are dysregulated in endometrium of infertile women with endometriosis during implantation window. J Reprod Immunol. 2006, 69: 53-64. 10.1016\/j.jri.2005.07.004.","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"285_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/5.6.581","volume":"5","author":"R Giess","year":"1999","unstructured":"Giess R, Tanasescu I, Steck T, Sendtner M: Leukemia inhibitory factor gene mutations in infertile women. Mol Hum Reprod. 1999, 5: 581-596. 10.1093\/molehr\/5.6.581.","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"285_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00345.x","volume":"39","author":"E Hambartsoumain","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hambartsoumain E: Endometrial leukemia inhibitory factor as a possible cause of unexplained infertility and multiple failures of implantation. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1998, 39: 137-143. 10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00345.x.","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"285_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.1.213","volume":"17","author":"N Ledee-Bataille","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ledee-Bataille N, Lapree-Delage G, Taupin JL, Dubanchet S, Frydman R, Chaouat G: Concentration of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in uterine flushing fluid is highly predictive of embryo implantation. Hum Reprod. 2002, 17: 213-218. 10.1093\/humrep\/17.1.213.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"}],"container-title":["BMC Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6874-12-10.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1472-6874-12-10\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6874-12-10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6874-12-10.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T19:43:16Z","timestamp":1630525396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6874-12-10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,20]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6874-12-10","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6874","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 May 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2012","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2012","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"10"}}