{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:58:18Z","timestamp":1787068698479,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,28]],"date-time":"2011-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Altern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study was conducted to evaluate the\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      antioxidant properties of aqueous extract of\n                      <jats:italic>Podophyllum hexandrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The antioxidant potential of the plant extract under\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      situations was evaluated by using two separate methods, inhibition of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide radical. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) is a well known toxicant and exposure to this chemical is known to induce oxidative stress and causes tissue damage by the formation of free radicals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      36 albino rats were divided into six groups of 6 animals each, all animals were allowed food and water\n                      <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Group I (control) was given olive oil, while the rest groups were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      (1 ml\/kg) as a 50% (v\/v) solution in olive oil. Group II received CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      only. Group III animals received vitamin E at a concentration of 50 mg\/kg body weight and animals of groups IV, V and VI were given extract of\n                      <jats:italic>Podophyllum hexandrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      at concentration dose of 20, 30 and 50 mg\/kg body weight. Antioxidant status in both kidney and lung tissues were estimated by determining the activities of antioxidative enzymes, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD); as well as by determining the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). In addition, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity of the extract was also determined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results showed that the extract possessed strong superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity comparable to that of known antioxidant butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). Our results also showed that CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      caused a marked increase in TBARS levels whereas GSH, SOD, GR, GPX and GST levels were decreased in kidney and lung tissue homogenates of CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      treated rats. Aqueous extract of\n                      <jats:italic>Podophyllum hexandrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      successfully prevented the alterations of these effects in the experimental animals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our study demonstrated that the aqueous extract of\n                      <jats:italic>Podophyllum hexandrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      could protect the kidney and lung tissue against CCl\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      induced oxidative stress probably by increasing antioxidant defense activities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-11-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T19:04:16Z","timestamp":1299006256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Carbon tetrachloride induced kidney and lung tissue damages and antioxidant activities of the aqueous rhizome extract of Podophyllum hexandrum"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Showkat Ahmad","family":"Ganie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehtishamul","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abid","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasrib","family":"Qurishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahid","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal Ahmad","family":"Zargar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akbar","family":"Masood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohmmad Afzal","family":"Zargar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"374_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0240790","volume":"24","author":"CA Rice-Evans","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ: Antioxidant activities of flavonoids as bioactive components of food. Biochemical Soc Trans. 1996, 24: 790-795.","journal-title":"Biochemical Soc Trans"},{"key":"374_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3362","DOI":"10.1021\/jf970234a","volume":"45","author":"MT Satue-Gracia","year":"1997","unstructured":"Satue-Gracia MT, Heinonen IM, Frankel EN: Anthocyanins as antioxidants on human low-density lipoprotein and lecithin-liposome systems. J Agric Food Chem. 1997, 45: 3362-3367. 10.1021\/jf970234a.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"374_CR3","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Free radicals and food additives","author":"B Halliwell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Halliwell B: The biological toxicity of free radicals and other reactive oxygen species. Free radicals and food additives. Edited by: Aruoma OI, Halliwell B. 1991, Taylor & Francis Inc: PA, 41-45."},{"key":"374_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(90)90081-5","volume":"102","author":"HJ Kim","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Odendhal S, Bruckner JV: Effect of oral dosing vehicles on the acute hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1990, 102: 34-49. 10.1016\/0041-008X(90)90081-5.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"374_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1110(96)90027-5","volume":"366","author":"D Mc Gregor","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mc Gregor D, Lang M: Carbon tetrachloride: genetic effects and other modes of action. Mutat Res. 1996, 366: 181-195. 10.1016\/S0165-1110(96)90027-5.","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"374_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1159\/000129007","volume":"21","author":"H Dashti","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dashti H, Jeppsson B, Hagerstrand I, Hultberg B, Srinivas U, Abdulla M, Bengmark S: Thioacetamide and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis. Eur Surg Res. 1989, 21: 83-91. 10.1159\/000129007.","journal-title":"Eur Surg Res"},{"key":"374_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1438","volume":"226","author":"FF Behar-Cohen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Behar-Cohen FF, Heydolph S, Faure V, Droy-Lefaix MT, Courtois Y, Goureau O: Peroxynitrite cytotoxicity on bovine retinal pigmented epithelial cells in culture. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996, 226: 842-849. 10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1438.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"374_CR8","first-page":"284","volume":"36","author":"MG Rajesh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rajesh MG, Latha MS: Protective activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. on Carbon tetrachloride-induced peroxidative damage. Indian J Pharmacol. 2004, 36: 284-287.","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"374_CR9","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Publication and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi","author":"RN Chopra","year":"1986","unstructured":"Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC: Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. Publication and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 1986, 44-46."},{"key":"374_CR10","first-page":"148","volume":"9","author":"KR Beutner","year":"1990","unstructured":"Beutner KR, Von Krogh G: Current status of Podophyllatoxin for treatment of genital warts. Semin Dermatol. 1990, 9: 148-152.","journal-title":"Semin Dermatol"},{"key":"374_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1615\/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.v24.i4.70","volume":"24","author":"R Arora","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arora R, Chawla R, Puri SC, Sagar R, Singh S, Kumar R: Radioprotective and antioxidant properties of low altitude Podophyllum hexandrum (LAPH). J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2005, 24: 299-314.","journal-title":"J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol"},{"key":"374_CR12","first-page":"503","volume":"3","author":"R Chawla","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chawla R, Arora R, Singh S, Sagar RK, Sharma RK, Kumar R: Podophyllum hexandrum offers radioprotection by modulating free radical flux: role of aryl-tetralin lignans. eCAM. 2006, 3: 503-511.","journal-title":"eCAM"},{"key":"374_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2005.01.004","volume":"39","author":"CHS Jung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jung CHS, Choi IW, Park MW, Cho HY: Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts from wild ginseng leaves. LWT. 2006, 39: 266-274. 10.1016\/j.lwt.2005.01.004.","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"374_CR14","first-page":"1003","volume-title":"Carcinogenesis","author":"RJ Ruch","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ruch RJ, Cheng SJ, Klaunig JE: Carcinogenesis. 1989, 10: 1003-1008."},{"key":"374_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","volume":"193","author":"OH Lowry","year":"1951","unstructured":"Lowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Farr AI, Randall RJ: Protein estimation with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951, 193: 265-275.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"374_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1968.tb00428.x","volume":"6","author":"WG Nichans","year":"1968","unstructured":"Nichans WG, Samuelson D: Formation of malondialdehyde from phospholipid arachidonate during microsomal lipid peroxidation. Eur J Biochem. 1968, 6: 126-130. 10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1968.tb00428.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"374_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(79)90289-7","volume":"582","author":"MA Moren","year":"1979","unstructured":"Moren MA, Depierre JW, Mannervick B: Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat lung and liver. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1979, 582: 67-78.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Acta"},{"key":"374_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(01)00198-1","volume":"480-481","author":"N Sharma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sharma N, Trikha P, Athar M, Raisuddin S: Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene- and cyclophosphamide-induced mutagenicity by cinnamomum cassia. Mutat Res. 2001, 480-481: 179-188. 10.1016\/S0027-5107(01)00198-1.","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"374_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327103ht388oa","volume":"22","author":"R Haque","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haque R, Bin-Hafeez B, Parvez S, Pandey S, Sayeed I, Ali M, Raisuddin S: Aqueous extract of walnut (Juglans regia L.) protects mice against cyclophosphamide induced biochemical toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2003, 22: 473-480. 10.1191\/0960327103ht388oa.","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"374_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(71)90370-8","volume":"44","author":"C Beauchamp","year":"1971","unstructured":"Beauchamp C, Fridovich I: Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gel. Anal Biochem. 1971, 44: 276-287. 10.1016\/0003-2697(71)90370-8.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"374_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-958032","volume":"61","author":"KM Ko","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ko KM, Ip SP, Poon MK, Wu SS, Che CT, Ng KH, Kong YC: Effect of a lignin-enriched fructus schisandrae extract on hepatic glutathione status in rats: protection against carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Planta Med. 1995, 61: 134-137. 10.1055\/s-2006-958032.","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"374_CR22","first-page":"598","volume":"119","author":"B Halliwell","year":"1992","unstructured":"Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC, Cross CE: Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: where are we now?. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 1992, 119: 598-620.","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"374_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7915","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.17.7915","volume":"90","author":"BN Ames","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM: Oxidants, antioxidants and the degenerative disease of aging. proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America. 1993, 90: 7915-7922. 10.1073\/pnas.90.17.7915.","journal-title":"proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"374_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570s","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.3.570S","volume":"78","author":"RL Prior","year":"2003","unstructured":"Prior RL: Fruits and vegetables in the prevention of cellular oxidative damage. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003, 78: 570s-578s.","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"374_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2190001","volume":"219","author":"B Halliwell","year":"1984","unstructured":"Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC: Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochem J. 1984, 219: 44-","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"374_CR26","volume-title":"J Biol Chem","author":"G Minlotti","year":"1987","unstructured":"Minlotti G, Aust SD: The requirement of iron (III) in the initiation of lipid peroxidation by iron (II) and hydrogen peroxide. J Biol Chem. 1987, 262: 1098, 45"},{"key":"374_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2450167","volume":"245","author":"MJ Davies","year":"1987","unstructured":"Davies MJ, Slater TF: Studies on metal ion and lipoxygenase catalyzed breakdown of hydroperoxides using electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy. Biochem J. 1987, 245: 167-","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"374_CR28","first-page":"351","volume":"95","author":"H Okhawa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Okhawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K: Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1997, 95: 351-358.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"374_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07814.x","volume":"893","author":"I Fridovich","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fridovich I: Fundamental aspects of reactive oxygen species or what is the matter with oxygen. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999, 893: 13-18. 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07814.x.","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"374_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06172.x","volume":"899","author":"DL Gilbert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gilbert DL: Fifty years of radical ideas. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2000, 899: 1-14. 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06172.x.","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"374_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(78)80779-0","volume":"92","author":"B Halliwell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Halliwell B: Superoxide dependent formation of hydroxyl free radicals in the presence of iron chelates. FEBS Lett. 1989, 92: 321-326. 10.1016\/0014-5793(78)80779-0.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"374_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2834821","volume":"240","author":"JA Imlay","year":"1988","unstructured":"Imlay JA, Chin SM: Toxic DNA damage by hydrogen peroxide through the Fenton reaction invivo and invitro. Science. 1988, 240: 640-642. 10.1126\/science.2834821.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"374_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1006\/fstl.1999.0548","volume":"32","author":"PD Duh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Duh PD, Tu YY, Yen GC: Antioxidant activity of water extracts of Harng Jyur (Chrisanthemun morifolium Ramat). Lebensm Wiss Technol. 1999, 32: 269-277. 10.1006\/fstl.1999.0548.","journal-title":"Lebensm Wiss Technol"},{"key":"374_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"212","author":"P Chaudhary","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaudhary P, Shukla SK, Sharma RK: REC-2006--A Fractionated Extract of Podophyllum hexandrum Protects Cellular DNA from Radiation-induced Damage by Reducing the Initial Damage and Enhancing Its Repair in vivo. eCAM. 2009, 212: 1-10.","journal-title":"eCAM"},{"key":"374_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-005-0821-5","volume":"273","author":"R Chawla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chawla R, Arora R, Kumar R, Sharma A, Prasad J, Singh S, Sagar R, Chaudhary P, Shukla S, Kaur G, Sharma RK, Puri SC, Dhar KL, Handa G, Gupta VK, Qazi GN: Antioxidant activity of fractionated extracts of rhizomes of high-altitude Podophyllum hexandrum: Role in radiation protection. Mol Cell Bio. 2005, 273: 193-208. 10.1007\/s11010-005-0821-5.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Bio"},{"issue":"7","key":"374_CR36","first-page":"191","volume":"4","author":"SA Ganie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ganie SA, Zargar MA, Masood A, Haq E: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of free radical scavenging potential of ethanolic extract of Podophyllum hexandrum. Afr J Biochem res. 2010, 4 (7): 191-195.","journal-title":"Afr J Biochem res"},{"key":"374_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.11.019","volume":"97","author":"M Ogeturk","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ogeturk M, Kus I, Colakoglu N, Zararsiz I, Ilhan N, Sarsilmaz M: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects kidneys against carbon tetrachloride toxicity in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 97: 273-280. 10.1016\/j.jep.2004.11.019.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"374_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.08.016","volume":"46","author":"YS Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang YS, Ahn TH, Lee JC, Moon CJ, Kim SH, Jun W, Park SC, Kim HC, Kim JC: Protective effects of Pycnogenol (R) on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008, 46: 380-387. 10.1016\/j.fct.2007.08.016.","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"374_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0282(2000)57:3<160::AID-BIP4>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"57","author":"AM Melin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Melin AM, Perromat A, Deleris G: Pharmacologic application of Fourier transform IR spectroscopy: in vivo toxicity of carbon tetrachloride on rat liver. Biopolymers. 2000, 57: 160-168. 10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0282(2000)57:3<160::AID-BIP4>3.0.CO;2-1.","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"374_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.22.113","volume":"22","author":"P Padma","year":"1999","unstructured":"Padma P, Setty OH: Protective effect of Phyllanthus fraternus against thioacetamide induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition. 1999, 22: 113-123.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition"},{"key":"374_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00177-X","volume":"27","author":"H Sies","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sies H: Glutathione and its role in cellular functions. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999, 27: 916-921. 10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00177-X.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"374_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.06.028","volume":"43","author":"JH Limon-Pacheco","year":"2007","unstructured":"Limon-Pacheco JH, Hernandez NA, Fanjul-Moles ML, Gonsebatt ME: Glutathione depletion activates mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways that display organ-specific responses and brain protection in mice. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007, 43: 1335-1347. 10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.06.028.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"374_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2001.280208.x","volume":"28","author":"Y Ohta","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ohta Y, Kongo M, Sasaki E: Therapeutic effect of melatonin on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats. J Pineal Res. 2000, 28: 119-26. 10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2001.280208.x.","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"374_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2210-5-2","volume":"5","author":"P Tirkey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tirkey P, Pilkwal S, Kuhad A, Chopra K: Hesperidin, a citrus bioflavonoid, decrease the oxidative stress produced by CCl4 in rat liver and kidney. BMC Pharmacol. 2005, 5: 2-10.1186\/1471-2210-5-2.","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol"},{"key":"374_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42751-8","volume":"249","author":"G Cohen","year":"1974","unstructured":"Cohen G, Heikkila RE: The generation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical by 6-hydroxydopamine, dialuric acid, and related cytotoxic agents. J Biol Chem. 1974, 249: 2447-2452.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6882-11-17.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1472-6882-11-17\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6882-11-17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6882-11-17.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T09:09:55Z","timestamp":1630487395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6882-11-17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,28]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6882-11-17","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 November 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"17"}}