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Reducing TGF-\u03b2 synthesis or inhibiting components of its complex signaling pathway represent important therapeutic targets. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on liver fibrosis and whether curcumin attenuates the TGF-\u03b21 signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Sprague\u2013Dawley rat was induced liver fibrosis by carbon tetrachloride (CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) for six weeks together with or without curcumin, and hepatic histopathology and collagen content were employed to quantify liver necro-inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-\u03b21, Smad2, phosphorylated Smad2, Smad3, Smad7 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were determined by quantitative real time-PCR, Western blot, or immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Rats treated with curcumin improved liver necro-inflammation, and reduced liver fibrosis in association with decreased \u03b1-smooth muscle actin expression, and decreased collagen deposition. Furthermore, curcumin significantly attenuated expressions of TGF\u03b21, Smad2, phosphorylated Smad2, Smad3, and CTGF and induced expression of the Smad7.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Curcumin significantly attenuated the severity of CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis through inhibition of TGF-\u03b21\/Smad signalling pathway and CTGF expression. These data suggest that curcumin might be an effective antifibrotic drug in the prevention of liver disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,16]],"date-time":"2012-09-16T12:14:01Z","timestamp":1347797641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Inhibition by curcumin of multiple sites of the transforming growth factor-beta1 signalling pathway ameliorates the progression of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qun-yan","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei-li","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-yao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun-cai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-tao","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1129_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30542","volume":"117","author":"JP Iredale","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iredale JP: Models of liver fibrosis: exploring the dynamic nature of inflammation and repair in a solid organ. 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