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However, the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract have not yet been conclusively proved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we investigated the effects of the CHCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>fraction (CTC) of a methanol extract of<jats:italic>C. tricuspidata<\/jats:italic>on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed that the protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase and COX-2 enzymes were markedly inhibited by CTC in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, CTC reduced the production of TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6 in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that the<jats:italic>C. tricuspidata<\/jats:italic>extract could modulate macrophage-mediated inflammatory functions such as the overproduction of cytokines, NO, and PGE2. The CTC was found to be the active fraction in this context.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]],"date-time":"2012-12-10T17:14:31Z","timestamp":1355159671000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production by chloroform fraction of Cudrania tricuspidata in RAW 264.7 macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gabsik","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungjin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inhye","family":"Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho-Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"1264_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/nri915","volume":"2","author":"T Lawrence","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lawrence T, Willoughby DA, Gilroy DW: Anti-inflammatory lipid mediators and insights into the resolution of inflammation. 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