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Some works show that some varieties have biological activities. However, one of the main variety of the species, <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>nucifera<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>typica<\/jats:italic>, known in Brazil as \u201cgigante\u201d, was not studied yet. Thus, this study evaluates if this variety has the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities already reported in other varieties.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>nucifera<\/jats:italic> aqueous crude extract (10, 50, and 100 mg\/kg) and the reference drugs morphine (1 mg\/kg) and acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg\/kg) were evaluated in models of inflammation (formalin-induced licking and subcutaneous air pouch). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) photometric assay and compared with those of the standards (quercetin, rutin, and ascorbic acid). The extract was also screened against <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus,<\/jats:italic> and methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA), in the agar diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the broth micro-dilution assay. Activities of combinations of the extract and antibiotics (methicillin or vancomycin) against MRSA were evaluated using checkerboard assays.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The extract significantly inhibited the time that the animals spent licking the formalin-injected paws (second phase). The extract also inhibited the inflammatory process induced by subcutaneous carrageenan injection by reducing cell migration, protein extravasation, and TNF-\u03b1 production. Additionally, the extract showed an antioxidant potential <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> as good as standards in their antioxidant activity. The extract was active only against <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> and MRSA. MIC and the bactericidal concentrations were identical (1,024 \u03bcg\/ml). The extract and methicillin acted synergistically against the clinical MRSA isolate, whereas an indifferent effect was detected when the extract was combined with vancomycin.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The extract exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of the cell migration. The mixture of extract constituents and methicillin could lead to the development of a new combination antibiotic against MRSA infections.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]],"date-time":"2013-05-16T14:14:38Z","timestamp":1368713678000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Cocos nucifera var. typica"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rafaela Ribeiro","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davi Oliveira","family":"e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humberto Rollemberg","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celuta Sales","family":"Alviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia Dias","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela Sales","family":"Alviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1374_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327111424298","volume":"31","author":"J Adebayo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adebayo J, Santana A, Krettli A: Evaluation of the antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity potentials of husk fiber extracts from Cocos nucifera, a medicinal plant used in Nigeria to treat human malaria. 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