{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:31:32Z","timestamp":1773279092723,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]],"date-time":"2013-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374537600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Altern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Previous studies of <jats:italic>Gynura procumbens<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>G. procumbens<\/jats:italic>) have shown that partially purified fractions of the leaves are capable of lowering the blood pressure of rats by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzymic activity and causing vasodilatation. The objectives of this study were therefore to further purify the active compounds that exhibited selective effects on blood vessels, determine the mechanism of actions, and to qualitatively analyse the putative compounds present.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The butanolic fraction (BU) of the crude ethanolic extract was purified using column chromatography to obtain several sub-fractions of different polarities. The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> effects of BU and the sub-fractions on vascular tension were subsequently determined using isolated rat thoracic aortic rings. The most potent sub-fraction (F1) alone was then investigated for its mechanisms of the vasorelaxant activity. In another experiment, thin-layer chromatography was used to qualitatively analyse the active compounds found in F1.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The BU and the sub-fractions ranging from 10<jats:sup>-7<\/jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>-2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0g\/ml significantly (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) inhibited the sustained tonic contractions induced by phenylephrine and potassium chloride in a concentration-dependent manner with various degree of potency. The most potent sub-fraction (F1) antagonised the calcium-induced vasocontractions (1 x 10<jats:sup>-4<\/jats:sup> \u2013 1 x 10<jats:sup>-2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0M) in calcium-free with high concentration of potassium as well as in calcium- and potassium-free Krebs-Henseleit solutions. Contractions induced by noradrenaline and caffeine were not affected by F1. The vasorelaxing effect caused by F1 was significantly attenuated with preincubation of potassium channel blockers (glibenclamide and 4-aminopyridine) and prostacyclin inhibitor (indomethacin) while it was not affected by preincubation with tetraethylammonium, l-nitro-arginine methyl esther, propanolol, atropine, oxadiazolo quinoxalin one and methylene blue. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of F1 indicated the presence of flavonoids.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results confirm previous findings that <jats:italic>G. procumbens<\/jats:italic> causes vasodilatory effects by blocking calcium channels. In addition, the present study further demonstrates that the vasodilatory effect of <jats:italic>G. procumbens<\/jats:italic> may also be due to the opening of potassium channels and the stimulation of prostacyclin production. The putative compounds are probably flavonoids in nature.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T09:20:46Z","timestamp":1374657646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Potassium channel openers and prostacyclin play a crucial role in mediating the vasorelaxant activity of Gynura procumbens"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hien-Kun","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting-Fung","family":"Poh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sau-Kuen","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"See-Ziau","family":"Hoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1440_CR1","first-page":"1206","volume":"42","author":"VC Aram","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aram VC, George LB, Henry RB, William CC, Lee AG, Joseph LI, Daniel WJ, Barry JM, Suzanne O, Jackson TW, Edward JR: Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Journal of American Heart Association. 2003, 42: 1206-1252.","journal-title":"Journal of American Heart Association"},{"key":"1440_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200311000-00002","volume":"21","author":"K Norman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Norman K, Shanthi M, Neil P, Judith W: International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. J Hypertens. 2003, 21: 1983-1992.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"1440_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90724-0","volume":"73","author":"T Fusita","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fusita T, Ando K, Noda H, Sato Y, Yamashita N, Yamashita K: Hemodynamic and endocrine changes associated with captopril in diuretic resistant patients. Am J Med. 1982, 73: 341-347. 10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90724-0.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1440_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(64)90408-9","volume":"67","author":"ED Freis","year":"1964","unstructured":"Freis ED: Hydralazine in hypertension. Am Heart J. 1964, 67: 133-134. 10.1016\/0002-8703(64)90408-9.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"1440_CR5","volume-title":"Medicinal plant of East and Southeast Asia: Attributed properties and uses","author":"LM Perry","year":"1980","unstructured":"Perry LM: Medicinal plant of East and Southeast Asia: Attributed properties and uses. 1980, Cambridge Massachusetts and London: The MIT Press"},{"key":"1440_CR6","first-page":"105","volume":"3","author":"LK Chan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chan LK, Lim SY, Pan LP: Micropropagation of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. an important medicinal plant. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2009, 3: 105-111.","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research"},{"key":"1440_CR7","first-page":"9","volume":"41","author":"XF Zhang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhang XF, Tan BKH: Effects of an ethanolic extract of Gynura procumbens on serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in normal and Steptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Singapore Med J. 2000, 41: 9-13.","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"1440_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1076\/phbi.40.6.405.8440","volume":"40","author":"GA Akowuah","year":"2002","unstructured":"Akowuah GA, Sadikum A, Mariam A: Flavonoid identification and hypoglycaemic studies of the butanol fraction from Gynura procumbens. Pharm Biol. 2002, 40: 405-410. 10.1076\/phbi.40.6.405.8440.","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"1440_CR9","volume-title":"Glucose uptake: Stimulatory activity of Gynura procumbens in 3T3- F442A adipocytes","author":"M Bohari","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bohari M, Pauliena SH, Muhajir , Shaari , Lajis K, Nordin : Glucose uptake: Stimulatory activity of Gynura procumbens in 3T3- F442A adipocytes. 2000, Sarawak: Malaysian Medicinal Plant: Chemistry and Biological Activity: UNIMAS and Malaysian Natural Products Society"},{"key":"1440_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021851230890","volume":"57","author":"MN Iskander","year":"2002","unstructured":"Iskander MN, Song Y, Coupar IM, Jiratchariyakul W: Antiinflammatory screening of the medicinal plant Gynura procumbens. Plant Foods Hum Nutri. 2002, 57: 233-244.","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutri"},{"key":"1440_CR11","first-page":"686","volume":"4","author":"AA Mahmood","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mahmood AA, Mariod AA, Fouad A, Ibrahim SAW: Anti-ulcerogenic activity of Gynura procumbens leaf extract against experimentally-induced gastric lesions in rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2010, 4: 686-691.","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research"},{"key":"1440_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.04.072","volume":"137","author":"J Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim J, Lee CW, Kim EK, Lee SJ, Park NJ, Kim HS, Kim HK, Cha K, Jang YP, Kim JW: Inhibition effect of Gynura procumbens extract on UV-B-induced matrix-metalloproteinase expression in human dermal fibroblasts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011, 137: 427-433. 10.1016\/j.jep.2011.04.072.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"1440_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.03.011","volume":"123","author":"Rosidah","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rosidah , Yam MF, Amirin S, Ahmad M, Akowuah GA, Zaini MA: Toxicology evaluation of standardized methanol extract of Gynura procumbens. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009, 123: 244-249. 10.1016\/j.jep.2009.03.011.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"1440_CR14","first-page":"145","volume":"11","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Lee BC, Chung JH, Sumali W, Chun W, Kim SS, Kim H, Choe M: Inhibitory effects of an aqueous extract of Gynura procumbens on human mesangial cell proliferation. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007, 11: 145-148.","journal-title":"Korean J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"1440_CR15","first-page":"14","volume":"13","author":"SK Lam","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lam SK, Idris A, Bakar ZAA, Ismail R: Gynura procumbens and blood pressure in the rats: preliminary study. Asia Pacific Journal of Pharmacology. 1998, 13: 14-15.","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"1440_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1159\/000100391","volume":"16","author":"SZ Hoe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hoe SZ, Kamaruddin MY, Lam SK: Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity by a partially purified fraction of Gynura procumbens in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Med Princ Pract. 2007, 16: 203-208. 10.1159\/000100391.","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"1440_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322011000100025","volume":"66","author":"SZ Hoe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hoe SZ, Lee CN, Mok SL, Kamaruddin MY, Lam SK: Gynura procumbens Merr. decreases blood pressure in rats by vasodilatation via inhibition of calcium channels. Clinics. 2011, 66: 143-150. 10.1590\/S1807-59322011000100025.","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"1440_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2007.03.005","volume":"47","author":"IAC Menezes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Menezes IAC, Moreira IJA, Carvalho AA, Antoniollo AR, Santos MRV: Cardiovascular effects of the aqueous extract from Caesalpinia ferrea: Involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Vascul Pharmacol. 2007, 47: 41-47. 10.1016\/j.vph.2007.03.005.","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"key":"1440_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.09.038","volume":"649","author":"Y Leeya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leeya Y, Mulvany MJ, Queiroz EF, Marston A, Hostettmann KC, Jansakul C: Hypotensive activity of an n-butanol extract and their purified compounds from leaves of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010, 649: 301-313. 10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.09.038.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1440_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.23.2336","volume":"100","author":"XL Rudner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rudner XL, Berkowitz DE, Booth JV, Funk BL, Cozart KL, D\u2019Amico EB, El-Moalem H, Page SO, Richardson CD, Winters B, Marucci L, Schwinn DA: Subtype specific regulation of human vascular alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors by vessel bed and age. Circulation. 1999, 100: 2336-2343. 10.1161\/01.CIR.100.23.2336.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1440_CR21","first-page":"413","volume":"230","author":"C Cauvin","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cauvin C, Malik S: Induction of Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ released in isolated rat aorta and mesenteric resistance vessels by norepinephrine activation of alpha-1-receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1984, 230: 413-418.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"1440_CR22","first-page":"157","volume":"49","author":"H Karaki","year":"1997","unstructured":"Karaki H, Ozaki H, Hori M, Mitsui-Saito M, Amano K, Harada K, Miyamoto S, Nakazawa H, Won KJ, Sato K: Calcium movements, distribution and function in smooth muscle. Pharmacol Rev. 1997, 49: 157-230.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"1440_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90096-9","volume":"87","author":"H Karaki","year":"1984","unstructured":"Karaki H, Weiss GB: Calcium channels in smooth muscle. Gastroenterology. 1984, 87: 960-970.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1440_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01870817","volume":"59","author":"KD Meisheri","year":"1981","unstructured":"Meisheri KD, Hwang O, van Breemen C: Evidence for two separated Ca2+ pathways in smooth muscle plasmalemma. J Membr Biol. 1981, 59: 19-25. 10.1007\/BF01870817.","journal-title":"J Membr Biol"},{"key":"1440_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.87.3.369","volume":"87","author":"H Yamamoto","year":"1986","unstructured":"Yamamoto H, van Breemen C: Ca2+ compartments in saponin-skined cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. J Gen Physiol. 1986, 87: 369-389. 10.1085\/jgp.87.3.369.","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"key":"1440_CR26","first-page":"444","volume":"60","author":"H Jiang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jiang H, Xia Q, Wang X, Song J, Bruce IC: Luteolin induces vasorelaxation in rat thoracic aorta via calcum and potassium channels. Pharmazie. 2005, 60: 444-447.","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"1440_CR27","first-page":"83","volume":"356","author":"MA Noguera","year":"1997","unstructured":"Noguera MA, Ivora MD, Chulia S, D\u2019Ocon P: Capacitative Ca2+ entry associated wuth the \u03b11-adrenoceptors in rat aorta. Nauyn Shmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol. 1997, 356: 83-89.","journal-title":"Pharmacol"},{"key":"1440_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019333","volume":"456","author":"C Watanabe","year":"1992","unstructured":"Watanabe C, Yamamoto H, Hirano K, Kobayashi S, Kanaide H: Mechanisms of caffeine induced contraction and relaxation of rat aortic smooth muscle. J Physiol. 1992, 456: 193-213.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1440_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/361315a0","volume":"361","author":"MJ Berridge","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berridge MJ: Inositol triphoshate and calcium signalling. Nature. 1993, 361: 315-325. 10.1038\/361315a0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1440_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(93)90006-6","volume":"14","author":"U Quast","year":"1993","unstructured":"Quast U: Do K+ channel openers relax smooth muscle by opening K+ channels?. Trends Pharmacol Sc. 1993, 14: 332-337. 10.1016\/0165-6147(93)90006-6.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sc"},{"key":"1440_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1540\/jsmr.44.65","volume":"44","author":"AK Eun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eun AK, Jin H, In DJ, Won SP: Physiological roles of K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cell. J Smooth Muscle Res. 2008, 44: 65-81. 10.1540\/jsmr.44.65.","journal-title":"J Smooth Muscle Res"},{"key":"1440_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1995.268.4.C799","volume":"268","author":"MT Nelson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nelson MT, Quayle JM: Physiological roles and properties of potassium channels in arterial smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 1995, 268: 799-822.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1440_CR33","volume-title":"Review of Medical Physiology","author":"FG William","year":"2003","unstructured":"William FG: Review of Medical Physiology. 2003, United States of America: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 21","edition":"21"},{"key":"1440_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)98901-5","volume":"266","author":"K Furukawa","year":"1991","unstructured":"Furukawa K, Ohshima N, Tawada-Iwata Y, Shigekawa M: Cyclic GMP stimulates Na+\/Ca2+ exchange in vascular smooth muscle cells in primary culture. J Biol Chem. 1991, 266: 12337-12341.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1440_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/263663a0","volume":"263","author":"S Moncada","year":"1976","unstructured":"Moncada S, Gryglewski RJ, Bunting S, Vane JR: An enzyme isolated from arteries transforms prostaglandin endoperoxides to an unstable substance that inhibits platelet aggregation. Nature. 1976, 263: 663-665. 10.1038\/263663a0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1440_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.48.030186.001343","volume":"48","author":"WL Smith","year":"1986","unstructured":"Smith WL: Prostaglandin Biosynthesis and its Compartmentation in Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells. Annu Rev Physiol. 1986, 48: 251-262. 10.1146\/annurev.ph.48.030186.001343.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"1440_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70272-1","volume":"104","author":"BL Stephen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stephen BL: Molecular and genetic basis of \u03b22 -adrenergic receptor function. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999, 104: 42-46. 10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70272-1.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1440_CR38","first-page":"279","volume":"50","author":"MP Caufield","year":"1998","unstructured":"Caufield MP, Birdsall NJMB: International Union of Pharmacology. XVII. Classification of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 1998, 50: 279-288.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"1440_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-4505(88)90060-6","volume":"39","author":"AK Ratty","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ratty AK, Das NP: Effects of flavonoids on nonenzymic lipid peroxidation: Structure activity relationship. Biochem Med Metabol BioL. 1988, 39: 69-79. 10.1016\/0885-4505(88)90060-6.","journal-title":"Biochem Med Metabol BioL"},{"key":"1440_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1159\/000399407","volume":"24","author":"J Kuhnau","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kuhnau J: The Flavonoids. A class of semi-essential food components: Their role in human nutrition. Wld. Rev. Nutr. Diet. 1976, 24: 117-191.","journal-title":"Wld. Rev. Nutr. Diet"},{"key":"1440_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.07.023","volume":"135","author":"N Balasuriya","year":"2012","unstructured":"Balasuriya N, Rupasinghe HPV: Antihypertensive properties of flavonoid-rich apple peel extract. Food Chem. 2012, 135: 2320-2325. 10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.07.023.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"1440_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.06.025","volume":"143","author":"D Lokesh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lokesh D, Amitsankar D: Evaluation of mechanism for antihypertensive action of Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp., used by folklore healers in north-east India. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012, 143: 207-212. 10.1016\/j.jep.2012.06.025.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"1440_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(95)02010-1","volume":"27","author":"MD Herrera","year":"1996","unstructured":"Herrera MD, Zarzuelo A, Jim\u00e9nez J, Marhuenda E, Duarte J: Effects of flavonoids on rat aortic smooth muscle contractility: Structure-activity relationships. General Pharmacology: The Vascular System. 1996, 27: 273-277. 10.1016\/0306-3623(95)02010-1.","journal-title":"General Pharmacology: The Vascular System"},{"key":"1440_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-2863(95)00168-9","volume":"7","author":"NC Cook","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cook NC, Samman S: Flavonoids\u2014Chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources. J Nutr Biochem. 1996, 7: 66-76. 10.1016\/0955-2863(95)00168-9.","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6882-13-188.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1472-6882-13-188\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6882-13-188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6882-13-188.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:49:29Z","timestamp":1630543769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6882-13-188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6882-13-188","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"188"}}