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Previous pharmacological studies have also reported anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Nevertheless, scientific information regarding this species is scarce, and there are no reports related to its possible estrogenic and mutagenic effects. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the estrogenic potential of <jats:italic>C. pallida<\/jats:italic> leaves by means of the Recombinant Yeast Assay (RYA), seeking an alternative for estrogen replacement therapy during menopause; and to reflect on the safe use of natural products to assess the mutagenic activity of the crude extract from <jats:italic>C. pallida<\/jats:italic> leaves, the dichloromethane fraction and stigmasterol by means of the Ames test.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The recombinant yeast assay with the strain BY4741 of <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae,<\/jats:italic> was performed with the ethanolic extract, dichloromethane fraction and stigmasterol isolated from the leaves of <jats:italic>C. pallida<\/jats:italic>. Mutagenic activity was evaluated by the <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\/microsome assay (Ames test), using the <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic> tester strains TA100, TA98, TA97 and TA102, with (+S9) and without (-S9) metabolization, by the preincubation method.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>All samples showed estrogenic activity, mainly stigmasterol. The ethanolic extract from <jats:italic>C. pallida<\/jats:italic> leaves showed mutagenic activity in the TA98 strain (-S9), whereas dichloromethane fraction and stigmasterol were found devoid of activity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Considering the excellent estrogenic activity performed by stigmasterol in the RYA associated with the absence of mutagenic activity when evaluated by the Ames test, stigmasterol becomes a strong candidate to be used in hormone replacement therapy during menopause.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,4]],"date-time":"2013-09-04T02:25:08Z","timestamp":1378261508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Estrogenic and mutagenic activities of Crotalaria pallida measured by recombinant yeast assay and Ames test"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Paula Karina","family":"Boldrin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Aparecida","family":"Resende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Oliveira","family":"H\u00f6hne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Santoro","family":"de Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00edvia Greghi","family":"Espanha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarine Haid\u00ea","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria do Socorro F","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wagner","family":"Vilegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliana Aparecida","family":"Varanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1469_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17032335","volume":"7","author":"FA Resende","year":"2012","unstructured":"Resende FA, Munari CC, Bentos MNA, Tavares DC, Bastos JK, da Silva Filho AA, Varanda EA: Comparative studies of the (anti) mutagenicity of Baccharis dracunculifolia and artepillin c by the bacterial reverse mutation test. 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