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The ethno-medicinal use against yellow fever, jaundice and diarrhea prompted us to investigate on the antiviral activity of the root bark of <jats:italic>N. latifolia<\/jats:italic>. In this study, HSV-2 was chosen as a viral model because of its strong impact on HIV transmission and acquisition.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The crude extract under study was prepared by maceration of air-dried and powdered roots barks of <jats:italic>N. latifolia<\/jats:italic> in CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Cl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/MeOH (50:50) mixture for 48\u00a0hours, then it was subjected to filtration and evaporation under vacuum. A phytochemical analysis of the crude extract was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a photodiode array and mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-qMS). The anti-HSV-2 activity was assayed <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> by plaque reduction and virus yield assays and the major mechanism of action was investigated by virucidal and time of addition assays. Data values were compared using the Extra sum of squares F test of program GraphPad PRISM 4.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The main components detected in the extract belong to the class of indole alkaloids characteristic of <jats:italic>Nauclea<\/jats:italic> genus. Strictosamide, vincosamide and pumiloside were tentatively identified together with quinovic acid glycoside. <jats:italic>N. latifolia<\/jats:italic> crude extract inhibited both acyclovir sensitive and acyclovir resistant HSV-2 strains, with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 5.38\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml for the former and 7.17\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml for the latter. The extract was found to be most active when added post-infection, with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 3.63\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The results of this work partly justify the empirical use of <jats:italic>N. latifolia<\/jats:italic> in traditional medicine for the treatment of viral diseases. This extract could be a promising rough material for the development of a new and more effective modern anti-HSV-2 medication also active against acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 strains.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,16]],"date-time":"2013-10-16T13:03:39Z","timestamp":1381928619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["In vitro anti-Herpes simplex virus activity of crude extract of the roots of Nauclea latifolia Smith (Rubiaceae)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Manuela","family":"Donalisio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huguette Magnifouet","family":"Nana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalie Annie","family":"Ngono Ngane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donatien","family":"Gatsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alembert","family":"Tiabou Tchinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Rovito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Cagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Cagliero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice Fekam","family":"Boyom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Rubiolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Bicchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lembo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1504_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04638-9","volume":"357","author":"RJ Whitley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Whitley RJ, Roizman B: Herpes simplex virus infections. 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