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The current study was designed to assess the potential of the leaf extract of <jats:italic>Syzygium jambos<\/jats:italic> L. (Alston) and its compounds for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity against the pathogenic <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The broth dilution method was used to assess the antibacterial activity. The cytotoxicity investigation on mouse melanocyte (B16-F10) and human leukemic monocyte lymphoma (U937) cells was done using sodium 3\u2019-[1-(phenyl amino-carbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis-[4-methoxy-6-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) reagent. The non-toxic concentrations of the samples was investigated for the suppression of cytokines interleukin 8 (IL 8) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF \u03b1) by testing the supernatants in the co-culture of the human U937 cells and heat killed <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> using enzyme immunoassay kits (ELISA). The statistical analysis was done using the Graph Pad Prism 4 program.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Bioassay guided isolation of ethanol extract of the leaves of <jats:italic>S. jambos<\/jats:italic> led to the isolation of three known compounds namely; squalene, an anacardic acid analogue and ursolic acid which are reported for the first time from this plant. The ethanol extract of <jats:italic>S. jambos<\/jats:italic> and one of the isolated compound namely, anacardic acid analogue were able to inhibit the growth of <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> with a noteworthy minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 31.3 and 7.9\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml, respectively. The ethanol extract and three commercially acquired compounds namely; myricetin, myricitrin, gallic acid exhibited significant antioxidant activity with fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) ranging between 0.8-1.9\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml which was comparable to that of vitamin C, the reference antioxidant agent. The plant extract, compounds ursolic acid and myricitrin (commercially acquired) significantly inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines IL 8 and TNF \u03b1 by suppressing them by 74 - 99%. TEM micrographs showed the lethal effects of selected samples against <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The interesting antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of <jats:italic>S. jambos<\/jats:italic> shown in the present study warrant its further investigation in clinical studies for a possible alternative anti-acne agent.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T18:01:36Z","timestamp":1383069696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Syzygium jambos L. 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