{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T22:09:54Z","timestamp":1794262194115,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Complement Altern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]],"date-time":"2014-07-02T00:52:57Z","timestamp":1404262377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["A yoga intervention for type 2 diabetes risk reduction: a pilot randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kelly A","family":"McDermott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohan Raghavendra","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghuram","family":"Nagarathna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramarao Hongasandra","family":"Nagendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick M","family":"Hecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1797_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.10.029","volume":"94","author":"DR Whiting","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shaw J: IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011, 94: 311-321.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"1797_CR2","volume-title":"Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia: report of a WHO\/IDF Consultation","author":"World Health Organization: International Diabetes Federation","year":"2006","unstructured":"World Health Organization: International Diabetes Federation: Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia: report of a WHO\/IDF Consultation. 2006, Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"key":"1797_CR3","first-page":"356","volume":"97","author":"A Desai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Desai A, Tandon N: Challenges in prevention and management of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in India. Curr Sci. 2009, 97: 356-366.","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"1797_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.01.020","volume":"20","author":"A Misra","year":"2004","unstructured":"Misra A, Vikram NK: Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians: evidence and implications. Nutrition. 2004, 20: 482-491.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"1797_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(03)00085-8","volume":"61","author":"A Gupta","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gupta A, Gupta R, Sarna M, Rastogi S, Gupta VP, Kothari K: Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance syndrome in an urban Indian population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2003, 61: 69-76.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"1797_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-9920","volume":"30","author":"DM Nathan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nathan DM, Davidson MB, DeFronzo RA, Heine RJ, Henry RR, Pratley R, Zinman B, American Diabetes Association: Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: implications for care. Diabetes Care. 2007, 30: 753-759.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1797_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486","volume":"285","author":"Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults","year":"2001","unstructured":"Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults: Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001, 285: 2486-2497.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1797_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.2.398","volume":"28","author":"A Misra","year":"2005","unstructured":"Misra A, Wasir JS, Pandey RM: An Evaluation of Candidate Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Asian Indians. Diabetes Care. 2005, 28: 398-403.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1797_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105033441801","volume":"344","author":"J Tuomilehto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tuomilehto J, Lindstr\u00f6m J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, Kein\u00e4nen-Kiukaanniemi S, Laakso M, Louheranta A, Rastas M: Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. New Engl J Med. 2001, 344: 1343-1350.","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"1797_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.10.1218","volume":"286","author":"NG Boul\u00e9","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boul\u00e9 NG, Haddad E, Kenny GP, Wells GA, Sigal RJ: Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA. 2001, 286: 1218-1227.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1797_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-009-0126-3","volume":"47","author":"S Zanuso","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zanuso S, Jimenez A, Pugliese G, Corigliano G, Balducci S: Exercise for the management of type 2 diabetes: a review of the evidence. Acta Diabetol. 2009, 47: 15-22.","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"1797_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-2-00313.x","volume":"535","author":"EA Richter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Richter EA, Derave W: Glucose, exercise and insulin: emerging concepts. J Physiol. 2001, 535: 313-322.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1797_CR13","first-page":"335","volume":"28","author":"SN Blair","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blair SN, Horton E, Leon AS, Lee I-M, Drinkwater BL, Dishman RK, Mackey M, Kienholz ML: Physical activity, nutrition, and chronic disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996, 28: 335-349.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"1797_CR14","first-page":"1703","volume":"35","author":"PT Katzmarzyk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Katzmarzyk PT, Leon AS, Wilmore JH, Skinner JS: Targeting the Metabolic Syndrome with Exercise: Evidence From the HERITAGE Family Study. Med Sci. 2003, 35: 1703-1709.","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"key":"1797_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.1.158","volume":"54","author":"DE Laaksonen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Laaksonen DE, Lindstr\u00f6m J, Lakka TA, Eriksson JG, Niskanen L, Wikstr\u00f6m K, Aunola S, Kein\u00e4nen-Kiukaanniemi S, Laakso M, Valle TT, Ilanne-Parikka P, Louheranta A, H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen H, Rastas M, Salminen V, Cepaitis Z, Hakum\u00e4ki M, Kaikkonen H, H\u00e4rk\u00f6nen P, Sundvall J, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, Finnish diabetes prevention study: Physical activity in the prevention of type 2 diabetes: the Finnish diabetes prevention study. Diabetes. 2005, 54: 158-165.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1797_CR16","volume-title":"Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika","author":"B Iyengar","year":"1995","unstructured":"Iyengar B: Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika. 1995, New York: Schocken Books, Inc"},{"key":"1797_CR17","volume-title":"The Hatha Yoga Pradipika","author":"Svatmarama","year":"2002","unstructured":"Svatmarama , Akers BD: The Hatha Yoga Pradipika. 2002, Woodstock: YogaVidya.com"},{"key":"1797_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-008-9053-2","volume":"33","author":"M\u00c1D Danucalov","year":"2008","unstructured":"Danucalov M\u00c1D, Sim\u00f5es RS, Kozasa EH, Leite JR: Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Changes during Yoga Sessions: The Effects of Respiratory Exercises and Meditation Practices. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2008, 33: 77-81.","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"},{"key":"1797_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/neq046","volume":"2011","author":"US Ray","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ray US, Pathak A, Tomer OS: Hatha Yoga Practices: Energy Expenditure. Respiratory Changes and Intensity of Exercise. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2011, 2011: 1-12.","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"1797_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-7-40","volume":"7","author":"M Hagins","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hagins M, Moore W, Rundle A: Does practicing hatha yoga satisfy recommendations for intensity of physical activity which improves and maintains health and cardiovascular fitness?. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007, 7: 40-","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"1797_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2009.0044","volume":"16","author":"A Ross","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ross A, Thomas S: The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies. J Altern Complement Med. 2010, 16: 3-12.","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"1797_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s13410-012-0078-y","volume":"32","author":"R Nagarathna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nagarathna R, Usharani MR, Rao AR, Chaku R, Kulkarni R, Nagendra HR: Efficacy of yoga based life style modification program on medication score and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes\u2014a randomized control study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2012, 32: 122-130.","journal-title":"Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries"},{"key":"1797_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.18.6.491","volume":"18","author":"K Innes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Innes K, Bourguignon C, Taylor A: Risk indices associated with the insulin resistance syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and possible protection with yoga: A systematic review. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2005, 18: 491-519.","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Pract"},{"key":"1797_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2013.12.001","volume":"28","author":"AM Kanaya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kanaya AM, Araneta MRG, Pawlowsky SB, Barrett-Connor E, Grady D, Vittinghoff E, Schembri M, Chang A, Lou Carrion-Petersen M, Coggins T, Tanori D, Armas JM, Cole RJ: Restorative yoga and metabolic risk factors: The Practicing Restorative Yoga vs. Stretching for the Metabolic Syndrome (PRYSMS) randomized trial. J Diabetes Complicat. 2014, 28: 406-412.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"key":"1797_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nen009","volume":"2011","author":"K Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang K, Bernardo LM, Sereika SM, Conroy MB, Balk J, Burke LE: Utilization of 3-Month Yoga Program for Adults at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2011, 2011: 1-6.","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"1797_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.95692","volume":"16","author":"V Jyotsna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jyotsna V, Ambekar S, Dhawan A, Joshi A, Kumar N, Sreenivas V: Comprehensive yogic breathing program improves quality of life in patients with diabetes. Indian J Endocr Metab. 2012, 16: 423-","journal-title":"Indian J Endocr Metab"},{"key":"1797_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2012.11.001","volume":"21","author":"GK Alexander","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alexander GK, Innes KE, Selfe TK, Brown CJ: \u201c\u2018More than I expected\u2019\u201d: Perceived benefits of yoga practice among older adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. Complement Ther Med. 2013, 21: 14-28.","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"1797_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2009.0011","volume":"7","author":"M Kosuri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kosuri M, Sridhar GR: Yoga Practice in Diabetes Improves Physical and Psychological Outcomes. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2009, 7: 515-518.","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"1797_CR29","first-page":"645","volume":"34","author":"BK Sahay","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sahay BK: Yoga and diabetes. J Assoc Physicians India. 1986, 34: 645-648.","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"1797_CR30","first-page":"133","volume":"38","author":"S Telles","year":"1994","unstructured":"Telles S, Nagarathna R, Nagendra HR: Breathing through a particular nostril can alter metabolism and autonomic activities. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1994, 38: 133-137.","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"1797_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.1996.2.479","volume":"2","author":"S Telles","year":"1996","unstructured":"Telles S, Nagarathna R, Nagendra HR: Physiological measures of right nostril breathing. J Altern Complement Med. 1996, 2: 479-484.","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"1797_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1487","volume":"27","author":"TM Wallace","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wallace TM, Levy JC, Matthews DR: Use and abuse of HOMA modeling. Diabetes Care. 2004, 27: 1487-1495.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1797_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","volume":"67","author":"AS Zigmond","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zigmond AS, Snaith RP: The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983, 67: 361-370.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"1797_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","volume":"54","author":"D Watson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A: Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988, 54: 1063-1070.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"1797_CR35","first-page":"31","volume-title":"The social psychology of health: Claremont Symposium\u00a0on applied social psychology","author":"S Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen S: Perceived Stress in a Probability Sample of the United States. The social psychology of health: Claremont Symposium\u00a0on applied social psychology. Edited by: Spacapan S, Oskamp S. 1988, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 31-67."},{"key":"1797_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774512450098","volume":"9","author":"IR White","year":"2012","unstructured":"White IR, Carpenter J, Horton NJ: Including all individuals is not enough: lessons for intention-to-treat analysis. Clin Trials. 2012, 9: 396-407.","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"key":"1797_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2012.16.3.175","volume":"16","author":"DY Seo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seo DY, Lee S, Figueroa A, Kim HK, Baek YH, Kwak YS, Kim N, Choi TH, Rhee BD, Ko KS, Park BJ, Park SY, Han J: Yoga Training Improves Metabolic Parameters in Obese Boys. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2012, 16: 175-","journal-title":"Korean J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"1797_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.1311","volume":"172","author":"JC Peterson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peterson JC, Charlson ME, Hoffman Z, Wells MT, Wong SC, Hollenberg JP, Jobe JB, Boschert KA, Isen AM, Allegrante JP: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Positive-Affect Induction to Promote Physical Activity After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Arch Intern Med. 2012, 172: 329-336.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6882-14-212.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1472-6882-14-212\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6882-14-212","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6882-14-212.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T16:36:45Z","timestamp":1746290205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6882-14-212"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6882-14-212","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 September 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"212"}}