{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T17:56:32Z","timestamp":1769968592984,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,13]],"date-time":"2005-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118620800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The legal risks associated with health research involving human subjects have been highlighted recently by a number of lawsuits launched against those involved in conducting and evaluating the research. Some of these cases have been fully addressed by the legal system, resulting in judgments that provide some guidance. The vast majority of cases have either settled before going to trial, or have not yet been addressed by the courts, leaving us to wonder what might have been and what guidance future cases may bring. What is striking about the lawsuits that have been commenced is the broad range of individuals\/institutions that are named as defendants and the broad range of allegations that are made. The research community should take this early experience as a warning and should reflect carefully on practices where research involving human subjects is concerned.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6939-6-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,14]],"date-time":"2005-06-14T06:13:40Z","timestamp":1118729620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Legal liabilities in research: early lessons from North America"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Randi","family":"Zlotnik Shaul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Birenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"27_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-1-200307010-00011","volume":"139","author":"MM Mello","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mello MM, Stoddert DM, Brennan TA: The rise of litigation in human subjects research. Ann Intern Med. 2003, 139: 40-45.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"27_CR2","unstructured":"Gelsinger v. Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. (Phila. Cnty. Ct. of C.P. filed September 18, 2000), Sherman, Silverstein, Kohl, Rose and Podolsky Law Offices. Accessed May 24, 2005, [http:\/\/www.sskrplaw.com\/links\/healthcare2.html]"},{"key":"27_CR3","unstructured":"University of Pennsylvania Almanac. Accessed May 24, 2005, [http:\/\/www.upenn.edu\/almanac]"},{"key":"27_CR4","unstructured":"Robertson v. McGee. No. 01CV00G0H (M) (N.D. Okla. filed January 29, 2001), Sherman, Silverstein, Kohl, Rose and Podolsky Law Offices. Accessed May 24, 2005, [http:\/\/www.sskrplaw.com\/gene\/robertson\/complaint.html]"},{"issue":"2","key":"27_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00342.x","volume":"29","author":"K Kurt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kurt K: Officials Depart, Dismissed Amid Scandal at OU's Medical School. Journal Record (Okla. City), July 24, 2000 WL 14297056, referenced as note 13 in Anderlik MR and Elster N: Ethics commentary, court decisions: currents in contemporary ethics. J Law Med Ethics. 2001, 29 (2): 220-","journal-title":"J Law Med Ethics"},{"key":"27_CR6","unstructured":"Weiss v. Solomon. [1989] A.Q. 312 (Sup. Ct.)"},{"key":"27_CR7","unstructured":"Weiss v. Solomon. [1989] A.Q. 312 (Sup Ct.) at para 109 (trans)"},{"key":"27_CR8","unstructured":"University of Pennsylvania Almanac. 2005, 51 (21): 4-Accessed May 24, 2005, [http:\/\/www.upenn.edu\/almanac]"},{"key":"27_CR9","unstructured":"University of Pennsylvania Almanac. 2000, 51 (21): 4-Accessed May 24, 2005, [http:\/\/www.upenn.edu\/almanac]"},{"key":"27_CR10","unstructured":"Gelsinger v. Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. (Phila. Cnty. Ct. of C.P. filed September 18, 2000), Sherman, Silverstein, Kohl, Rose and Podolsky Law Offices. 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