{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T06:13:13Z","timestamp":1751609593512},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,8]],"date-time":"2013-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378598400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The process of creating and designing Virtual Patients for teaching students of medicine is an expensive and time-consuming task. In order to explore potential methods of mitigating these costs, our group began exploring the possibility of creating Virtual Patients based on electronic health records. This review assesses the usage of electronic health records in the creation of interactive Virtual Patients for teaching clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The PubMed database was accessed programmatically to find papers relating to Virtual Patients. The returned citations were classified and the relevant full text articles were reviewed to find Virtual Patient systems that used electronic health records to create learning modalities.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of n\u2009=\u2009362 citations were found on PubMed and subsequently classified, of which n\u2009=\u200928 full-text articles were reviewed. Few articles used unformatted electronic health records other than patient CT or MRI scans. The use of patient data, extracted from electronic health records or otherwise, is widespread. The use of unformatted electronic health records in their raw form is less frequent. Patient data use is broad and spans several areas, such as teaching, training, 3D visualisation, and assessment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Virtual Patients that are based on real patient data are widespread, yet the use of unformatted electronic health records, abundant in hospital information systems, is reported less often. The majority of teaching systems use reformatted patient data gathered from electronic health records, and do not use these electronic health records directly. Furthermore, many systems were found that used patient data in the form of CT or MRI scans. Much potential research exists regarding the use of unformatted electronic health records for the creation of Virtual Patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-13-103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,8]],"date-time":"2013-09-08T06:15:54Z","timestamp":1378620954000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["On the usage of health records for the design of virtual patients: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Marcus D","family":"Bloice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Klaus-Martin","family":"Simonic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Holzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"717_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.04.017","volume":"59","author":"F Consorti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Consorti F, Mancuso R, Nocioni M, Piccolo A: Efficacy of virtual patients in medical education: a meta-analysis of randomized studies. 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