{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:45:21Z","timestamp":1783957521668,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]],"date-time":"2014-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408752000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-14-75","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]],"date-time":"2014-08-23T09:01:34Z","timestamp":1408784494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Prediction of adverse cardiac events in emergency department patients with chest pain using machine learning for variable selection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi Xiong","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyang","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Haaland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boon Ping","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus Eng Hock","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"839_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"335","author":"LF McCaig","year":"2003","unstructured":"McCaig LF, Burt CW: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2001 emergency department summary. Adv Data. 2003, 335: 1-29.","journal-title":"Adv Data"},{"issue":"7","key":"839_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.013","volume":"50","author":"JL Anderson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, Bridges CR, Califf RM, Casey DE, Chavey WE, Fesmire FM, Hochman JS, Levin TN, Lincoff AM, Peterson ED, Theroux P, Wenger NK, Wright RS, Smith SC, Jacobs AK, Halperin JL, Hunt SA, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lytle BW, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B: ACC\/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina\/non-ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina\/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007, 50 (7): e1-e157.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"839_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra000650","volume":"345","author":"HV Huikuri","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huikuri HV, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ: Sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmias. N Engl J Med. 2001, 345 (20): 1473-1482.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"839_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199606063342303","volume":"334","author":"L Goldman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Goldman L, Cook EF, Johnson PA, Brand DA, Rouan GW, Lee TH: Prediction of the need for intensive care in patients who come to the emergency departments with acute chest pain. N Engl J Med. 1996, 334 (23): 1498-1504.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"839_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.7.835","volume":"284","author":"E Antman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Antman E, Cohen M, Bernink P, McCabe C, Horacek T, Papuchis G, Mautner B, Corbalan R, Radley D, Braunwald E: The TIMI risk score for unstable angina\/non-ST elevation MI - A method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making. JAMA. 2000, 284 (7): 835-842.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"22","key":"839_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.22.2727","volume":"291","author":"KA Eagle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eagle KA, Lim MJ, Dabbous OH, Pieper KS, Goldberg RJ, Van de Werf F, Goodman SG, Granger CB, Steg PG, Gore JM, Budaj A, Avezum A, Flather MD, Fox KA: A validated prediction model for all forms of acute coronary syndrome: estimating the risk of 6-month postdischarge death in an international registry. JAMA. 2004, 291 (22): 2727-2733.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"839_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.11.023","volume":"74","author":"R Lyon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lyon R, Morris AC, Caesar D, Gray S, Gray A: Chest pain presenting to the Emergency Department\u2013to stratify risk with GRACE or TIMI?. Resuscitation. 2007, 74 (1): 90-93.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"10","key":"839_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.10.521","volume":"94","author":"CP Subbe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Subbe CP, Kruger M, Rutherford P, Gemmel L: Validation of a modified early warning score in medical admissions. QJM. 2001, 94 (10): 521-526.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"6","key":"839_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2005.04186.x","volume":"60","author":"DR Goldhill","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goldhill DR, McNarry AF, Mandersloot G, McGinley A: A physiologically-based early warning score for ward patients: the association between score and outcome. Anaesthesia. 2005, 60 (6): 547-553.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"839_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R108","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11396","volume":"16","author":"MEH Ong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ong MEH, Ng CHL, Goh K, Liu N, Koh ZX, Shahidah N, Zhang T, Fook-Chong S, Lin Z: Prediction of cardiac arrest in critically ill patients presenting to the emergency department using a machine learning score incorporating heart rate variability compared with the modified early warning score. Crit Care. 2012, 16 (3): R108-","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"839_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.01.022","volume":"27","author":"AF Manini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manini AF, Dannemann N, Brown DF, Butter J, Bamberg F, Nagurney JT, Nichols JH, Hoffmann U, Rule-Out Myocardial Infarction U: Limitations of risk score models in patients with acute chest pain. Am J Emerg Med. 2009, 27 (1): 43-48.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"839_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2007.tb01775.x","volume":"14","author":"JE Hollander","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hollander JE, Robey JL, Chase MR, Brown AM, Zogby KE, Shofer FS: Relationship between a clear-cut alternative noncardiac diagnosis and 30-day outcome in emergency department patients with chest pain. Acad Emerg Med. 2007, 14 (3): 210-215.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"839_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.05.005","volume":"31","author":"MEH Ong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ong MEH, Goh K, Fook-Chong S, Haaland B, Wai KL, Koh ZX, Shahidah N, Lin Z: Heart rate variability risk score for prediction of acute cardiac complications in ED patients with chest pain. Am J Emerg Med. 2013, 31 (8): 1201-1207.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"839_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.10.024","volume":"101","author":"J Sanchis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanchis J, Bodi V, Nunez J, Bosch X, Lorna-Sorio P, Mainar L, Santas E, Minana G, Robles R, Llacer A: Limitations of clinical history for evaluation of patients with acute chest pain, non-diagnostic electrocardiogram, and normal troponin. Am J Cardiol. 2008, 101 (5): 613-617.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"839_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(87)80412-2","volume":"16","author":"KM Hargarten","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hargarten KM, Aprahamian C, Stueven H, Olson DW, Aufderheide TP, Mateer JR: Limitations of prehospital predictors of acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina. Ann Emerg Med. 1987, 16 (12): 1325-1329.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"839_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000090032","volume":"6","author":"CB Pearce","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pearce CB, Gunn SR, Ahmed A, Johnson CD: Machine learning can improve prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis using admission values of APACHE II score and C-reactive protein. Pancreatology. 2006, 6 (1\u20132): 123-131.","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"839_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2012.2212448","volume":"16","author":"N Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu N, Lin Z, Cao J, Koh ZX, Zhang T, Huang G-B, Ser W, Ong MEH: An intelligent scoring system and its application to cardiac arrest prediction. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed. 2012, 16 (6): 1324-1331.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed"},{"issue":"4","key":"839_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2005.66","volume":"17","author":"H Liu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liu H, Yu L: Toward integrating feature selection algorithms for classification and clustering. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng. 2005, 17 (4): 491-502.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"13","key":"839_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts238","volume":"28","author":"VA Huynh-Thu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huynh-Thu VA, Saeys Y, Wehenkel L, Geurts P: Statistical interpretation of machine learning-based feature importance scores for biomarker discovery. Bioinformatics. 2012, 28 (13): 1766-1774.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"8","key":"839_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-8-200304150-00012","volume":"138","author":"MH Katz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Katz MH: Multivariable analysis: a primer for readers of medical research. Ann Intern Med. 2003, 138 (8): 644-650.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"839_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.10.010","volume":"27","author":"T Fawcett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fawcett T: An introduction to ROC analysis. Pattern Recognit Lett. 2006, 27 (8): 861-874.","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit Lett"},{"issue":"5","key":"839_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043","volume":"93","author":"Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology","year":"1996","unstructured":"Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology: Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Circulation. 1996, 93 (5): 1043-1065.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"839_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.04.003","volume":"57","author":"PC Austin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Austin PC, Tu JV: Automated variable selection methods for logistic regression produced unstable models for predicting acute myocardial infarction mortality. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004, 57 (11): 1138-1146.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"839_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s11265-010-0480-y","volume":"64","author":"N Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu N, Lin Z, Koh ZX, Huang G-B, Ser W, Ong MEH: Patient outcome prediction with heart rate variability and vital signs. J Signal Process Syst. 2011, 64: 265-278.","journal-title":"J Signal Process Syst"},{"issue":"9","key":"839_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.239","volume":"21","author":"H He","year":"2009","unstructured":"He H, Garcia EA: Learning from imbalanced data. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng. 2009, 21 (9): 1263-1284.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"839_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman L: Random forests. Mach Learn. 2001, 45 (1): 5-32.","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"issue":"14","key":"839_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2010.03.014","volume":"31","author":"R Genuer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Genuer R, Poggi J-M, Tuleau-Malot C: Variable selection using random forests. Pattern Recogn Lett. 2010, 31 (14): 2225-2236.","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"839_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2012.09.020","volume":"60","author":"A Hapfelmeier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hapfelmeier A, Ulm K: A new variable selection approach using Random Forests. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis. 2013, 60: 50-69.","journal-title":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis"},{"issue":"5","key":"839_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v028.i05","volume":"28","author":"M Kuhn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuhn M: Building predictive models in R using the caret package. J Stat Softw. 2008, 28 (5): 1-26.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"839_CR30","volume-title":"Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques","author":"J Han","year":"2006","unstructured":"Han J, Kamber M: Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques. 2006, San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann"},{"issue":"2","key":"839_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009715923555","volume":"2","author":"C Burges","year":"1998","unstructured":"Burges C: A tutorial on support vector machines for pattern recognition. Data Min Knowl Discov. 1998, 2 (2): 121-167.","journal-title":"Data Min Knowl Discov"},{"key":"839_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","volume":"12","author":"X Robin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robin X, Turck N, Hainard A, Tiberti N, Lisacek F, Sanchez JC, Muller M: pROC: an open-source package for R and S\u2009+\u2009to analyze and compare ROC curves. BMC Bioinformatics. 2011, 12: 77-","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"839_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200102000-00038","volume":"29","author":"CW Hanson 3rd","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hanson CW, Marshall BE: Artificial intelligence applications in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2001, 29 (2): 427-435.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"839_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0b013e32834fdcf3","volume":"20","author":"WL Hong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hong WL, Earnest A, Sultana P, Koh ZX, Shahidah N, Ong MEH: How accurate are vital signs in predicting clinical outcomes in critically ill emergency department patients. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013, 20 (1): 27-32.","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"839_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R92","DOI":"10.1186\/CC11355","volume":"16","author":"K Mahmood","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mahmood K, Eldeirawi K, Wahidi MM: Association of gender with outcomes in critically ill patients. Crit Care. 2012, 16 (3): R92-","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"839_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00176-4","volume":"32","author":"CA Polanczyk","year":"1998","unstructured":"Polanczyk CA, Lee TH, Cook EF, Walls R, Wybenga D, Printy-Klein G, Ludwig L, Guldbrandsen G, Johnson PA: Cardiac troponin I as a predictor of major cardiac events in emergency department patients with acute chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998, 32 (1): 8-14.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6947-14-75.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1472-6947-14-75\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6947-14-75","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6947-14-75.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T05:40:30Z","timestamp":1630561230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6947-14-75"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6947-14-75","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 July 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"75"}}