{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:56:55Z","timestamp":1777521415265,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,21]],"date-time":"2005-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1119312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,21]],"date-time":"2005-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1119312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>With the information explosion, the retrieval of the best clinical evidence from large, general purpose, bibliographic databases such as MEDLINE can be difficult. Both researchers conducting systematic reviews and clinicians faced with a patient care question are confronted with the daunting task of searching for the best medical literature in electronic databases. Many have advocated the use of search filters or \"hedges\" to assist with the searching process. The purpose of this report is to describe the design and methods of a study that set out to develop optimal search strategies for retrieving sound clinical studies of health disorders in large electronics databases.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>To describe the design and methods of a study that set out to develop optimal search strategies for retrieving sound clinical studies of health disorders in large electronic databases.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>An analytic survey comparing hand searches of 170 journals in the year 2000 with retrievals from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO for candidate search terms and combinations. The sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy of unique search terms and combinations of search terms were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>A study design modeled after a diagnostic testing procedure with a gold standard (the hand search of the literature) and a test (the search terms) is an effective way of developing, testing, and validating search strategies for use in large electronic databases.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-5-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,21]],"date-time":"2005-06-21T18:13:54Z","timestamp":1119377634000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["An overview of the design and methods for retrieving high-quality studies for clinical care"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nancy L","family":"Wilczynski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R Brian","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"the Hedges Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"71_CR1","first-page":"390","volume":"10","author":"NL Wilczynski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wilczynski NL, McKibbon KA, Haynes RB: Enhancing retrieval of best evidence for health care from bibliographic databases: calibration of the hand search of the literature. Medinfo. 2001, 10: 390-393.","journal-title":"Medinfo"},{"key":"71_CR2","first-page":"719","volume-title":"Proc AMIA Symp","author":"NL Wilczynski","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB: Developing optimal search strategies for detecting clinically sound causation studies in MEDLINE. Proc AMIA Symp. 2003, 719-23."},{"key":"71_CR3","first-page":"728","volume-title":"Proc AMIA Symp","author":"SS Wong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wong SS, Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB, Ramkissoonsingh R: Developing optimal search strategies for detecting sound clinical prediction studies in MEDLINE. Proc AMIA Symp. 2003, 728-32."},{"key":"71_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38068.557998.EE","volume":"328","author":"RB Haynes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Haynes RB, Wilczynski NL: Optimal search strategies for retrieving scientifically strong studies of diagnosis from MEDLINE: analytical survey. BMJ. 2004, 328: 1040-1042. 10.1136\/bmj.38068.557998.EE.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"71_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-2-23","volume":"2","author":"NL Wilczynski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB: The Hedges Team. Developing optimal search strategies for detecting clinically sound prognostic studies in MEDLINE. BMC Medicine. 2004, 2: 23-10.1186\/1741-7015-2-23. 5 pages","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"71_CR6","first-page":"311","volume-title":"Medinfo","author":"SS Wong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wong SS, Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB: Developing Optimal Search Strategies for Detecting Clinically Relevant Qualitative Studies in MEDLINE. Medinfo. 2004, 311-316."},{"key":"71_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38336.804167.47","volume":"330","author":"VM Montori","year":"2005","unstructured":"Montori VM, Wilczynski NL, Morgan D, Haynes RB, Hedges Team: Optimal search strategies for retrieving systematic reviews from MEDLINE: analytical survey. BMJ. 2005, 330: 68-10.1136\/bmj.38336.804167.47. 6 pages","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"71_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38446.498542.8F","volume":"330","author":"RB Haynes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haynes RB, McKibbon KA, Wilczynski NL, Walters SD, Werre SR, Hedges Team: Optimal search strategies for retrieving scientifically strong studies of treatment from MEDLINE: an analytical survey. BMJ. 2005, 330: 1179-10.1136\/bmj.38446.498542.8F. 6 pages","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"71_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040512","volume":"171","author":"NL Wilczynski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB, Lavis JN, Ramkissoonsingh R, Arnold-Oatley AE, HSR Hedges team: Optimal search strategies for detecting health services research studies in MEDLINE. CMAJ. 2004, 171: 1179-1185.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"71_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-5-8","volume":"5","author":"RB Haynes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haynes RB, Kastner M, Wilczynski NL, Hedges Team: Developing optimal search strategies for detecting clinically sound and relevant causation studies in EMBASE. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2005, 5: 8-10.1186\/1472-6947-5-8. 7 pages","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6947-5-20.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1472-6947-5-20\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6947-5-20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6947-5-20.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T13:20:09Z","timestamp":1728307209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6947-5-20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,21]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["71"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6947-5-20","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 December 2004","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2005","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2005","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"20"}}