{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T14:33:36Z","timestamp":1771943616701,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]],"date-time":"2005-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]],"date-time":"2005-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Understanding infant feeding practices in the context of HIV and factors that put mothers at risk of HIV infection is an important step towards prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Face-to-face (FTF) interviewing may not be a suitable way of ascertaining this information because respondents may report what is socially desirable. Audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) is thought to increase privacy, reporting of sensitive issues and to eliminate socially desirable responses. We compared ACASI with FTF interviewing and explored its feasibility, usability, and acceptability in a PMTCT program in Kenya.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>A graphic user interface (GUI) was developed using Macromedia Authorware<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> and questions and instructions recorded in local languages <jats:italic>Kikuyu<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Kiswahili<\/jats:italic>. Eighty mothers enrolled in the PMTCT program were interviewed with each of the interviewing mode (ACASI and FTF) and responses obtained in FTF interviews and ACASI compared using <jats:italic>McNemar's<\/jats:italic> \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for paired proportions. A paired <jats:italic>Student's t-test<\/jats:italic> was used to compare means of age, marital-time and parity when measuring interview mode effect and two-sample <jats:italic>Student's t-test<\/jats:italic> to compare means for samples stratified by education level \u2013 determined during the exit interview. A <jats:italic>Chi-Square<\/jats:italic> (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>test<\/jats:italic>) was used to compare ability to use ACASI by education level.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Mean ages for intended time for breastfeeding as reported by ACASI were 11 months by ACASI and 19 months by FTF interviewing (p &lt; 0.001). Introduction of complementary foods at \u22643 months was reported more frequently by respondents in ACASI compared to FTF interviews for 7 of 13 complementary food items commonly utilized in the study area (p &lt; 0.05). More respondents reported use of unsuitable utensils for infant feeding in ACASI than in FTF interviewing (p = 0.001). In other sensitive questions, 7% more respondents reported unstable relationships with ACASI than when interviewed FTF (p = 0.039). Regardless of education level, respondents used ACASI similarly and majority (65%) preferred it to FTF interviewing mainly due to enhanced usability and privacy. Most respondents (79%) preferred ACASI to FTF for future interviewing.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>ACASI seems to improve quality of information by increasing response to sensitive questions, decreasing socially desirable responses, and by preventing null responses and was suitable for collecting data in a setting where formal education is low.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-5-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]],"date-time":"2005-08-02T19:57:03Z","timestamp":1123012623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) may avert socially desirable responses about infant feeding in the context of HIV"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Anthony K","family":"Waruru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Nduati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thorkild","family":"Tyllesk\u00e4r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"75_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31899\/pgy6.1054","volume-title":"The Reporting of Sensitive Behaviour Among Adolescents: A Methodological Experiment in Kenya","author":"Barbara S. Mensch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barbara S. Mensch, Paul C. Hewett, Annablel Erulkar: The Reporting of Sensitive Behaviour Among Adolescents: A Methodological Experiment in Kenya. 2001, New York, Population Council"},{"key":"75_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.9.805","volume":"152","author":"Debra A. Murphy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Debra A. Murphy, Stephen Durako, Larry R. Muenz, Craig M. Wilson: Marijuana Use among HIV-positive and High-risk Adolescents: A Comparison of Self-report through Audio Computer-assisted Self-administered Interviewing and Urinalysis. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2000, 152: 805-813. 10.1093\/aje\/152.9.805.","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"75_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.2.99","volume":"152","author":"David S. Metzger","year":"2000","unstructured":"David S. Metzger, Beryl Koblin, Charles Turner, Helen Navaline, Francesca Valenti, Sarah Holte, Michael Gross, Amy Sheon, Heather Miller, Philip Cooley, George R. Seage III: Randomized Controlled Trial of Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing: Utility and Acceptability in Longitudinal Studies. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2000, 152: 99-106. 10.1093\/aje\/152.2.99.","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"75_CR4","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Impact of ACASI on Reporting of Male-Male Sexual Contacts: Preliminary Results From the 1995 National Survey of Adolescent Males: ; Breckenridge, Colorado.","author":"Charles F. Turner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Charles F. Turner, Leighton Ku, Frenya L.: Impact of ACASI on Reporting of Male-Male Sexual Contacts: Preliminary Results From the 1995 National Survey of Adolescent Males: ; Breckenridge, Colorado. Edited by: Warnecke R. 1995, DHHS, 171-176."},{"key":"75_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.2.294","volume":"92","author":"Jessica Clark Newman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jessica Clark Newman, Don C. Des Jarlais, Charles F Turner, Jay Gribble, Phillip Cooley, Denise Paone: The Differential Effects of Face-to-Face and Computer Interview Modes. American Journal of Public Health. 2002, 92: 294-297.","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"75_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1086\/297751","volume":"60","author":"Roger Tourangeau","year":"1996","unstructured":"Roger Tourangeau, Tom W. Smith: Asking Sensitive Questions: The Impact of Data Collection Mode, Question Format and Question Content. Public Opinion Quarterly. 1996, 60: 275-304. 10.1086\/297751.","journal-title":"Public Opinion Quarterly"},{"key":"75_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07026-3","volume":"353","author":"Don C. Des Jarlais","year":"1999","unstructured":"Don C. Des Jarlais, Denise Paone, Judith Milliken, Charles F Turner, Heather Miller, James Gribble, Qiuhu Shi, Holly Hagan, Samuel R Friedman: Audio-computer interviewing to measure risk behaviour for HIV among injecting drug users: a quasi randomized trial. Lancet. 1999, 353: 1657-1662. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07026-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"75_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/29.5.885","volume":"29","author":"Janneke van de Wijgert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Janneke van de Wijgert, Nancy Padian, Stephen Shiboski, Charles Turner: Is audio computer-assisted self-interviewing a feasible method of surveying in Zimbabwe?. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2000, 29: 885-890. 10.1093\/ije\/29.5.885.","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"75_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(98)00001-6","volume":"14","author":"Philip C. Cooley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Philip C. Cooley, Charles F. Turner: Implementing Audio-CASI on Windows Platforms. Computers in Human Behavior. 1998, 14: 195-207. 10.1016\/S0747-5632(98)00001-6.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"75_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1080\/09540129848325","volume":"10","author":"M. L. Williams","year":"1998","unstructured":"M. L. Williams, R. C. Freeman, A. M. Bowen, L. Saunders: The acceptability of a computer HIV\/AIDS risk assessment to not-in-treatment drug users. AIDS Care. 1998, 10: 701-711. 10.1080\/09540129848325.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"75_CR11","volume-title":"Authorware","author":"Macromedia","year":"1987","unstructured":"Macromedia: Authorware. 1987, , Macromedia Inc, 5.1.0.0","edition":"5.1.0.0"},{"key":"75_CR12","volume-title":"Audiotools","author":"Unrelated-Inventions","year":"1998","unstructured":"Unrelated-Inventions: Audiotools. 1998, , Unrelated Inventions, 3.70.3.0","edition":"3.70.3.0"},{"key":"75_CR13","volume-title":"Adobe Premiere","author":"Adobe","year":"1991","unstructured":"Adobe: Adobe Premiere. 1991, , Adobe Systems Incorporated, 6.0.0.0","edition":"6.0.0.0"},{"key":"75_CR14","volume-title":"SPSS 10.1 for Windows","author":"SPSS","year":"1989","unstructured":"SPSS: SPSS 10.1 for Windows. 1989, Chicago, Chicago Inc., 10.1","edition":"10.1"},{"key":"75_CR15","volume-title":"Epi Info 6.04","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2001","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization: Epi Info 6.04. 2001, Atlanta, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S.A and World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 6.04","edition":"6.04"},{"key":"75_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2001.tb00313.x","volume":"90","author":"M Vaahtera","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vaahtera M, Kulmala T, Hietanen A, Ndekha M, Cullinan T, Salin ML, Ashorn P: Breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in rural Malawi. Acta Paediatr. 2001, 90: 328-332. 10.1080\/080352501300067730.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6947-5-24.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1472-6947-5-24\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6947-5-24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6947-5-24.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T13:20:18Z","timestamp":1728307218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6947-5-24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["75"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6947-5-24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 November 2004","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2005","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2005","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"24"}}