{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:58:06Z","timestamp":1792461486006,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,6]],"date-time":"2010-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1278374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-10-192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,3]],"date-time":"2010-08-03T19:02:56Z","timestamp":1280862176000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["A classification of diabetic foot infections using ICD-9-CM codes: application to a large computerized medical database"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Benjamin G","family":"Fincke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald R","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Turpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1329_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B10","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.suppl_2.B10","volume":"27","author":"DR Miller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miller DR, Safford MM, Pogach LM: Who has diabetes? Best estimates of diabetes prevalence in the Department of Veterans Affairs based on computerized patient data. Diabetes Care. 2004, 27 (Suppl 2): B10-21. 10.2337\/diacare.27.suppl_2.B10.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1329_CR2","volume-title":"Medicode","author":"International Classification of Diseases tR, Clinical Modification","year":"1996","unstructured":"International Classification of Diseases tR, Clinical Modification: Medicode. 1996, 5","edition":"5"},{"issue":"1","key":"1329_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0491-1","volume":"50","author":"L Prompers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Prompers L, Huijberts M, Apelqvist J, Jude E, Piaggesi A, Bakker K, Edmonds M, Holstein P, Jirkovska A, Mauricio D, et al: High prevalence of ischaemia, infection and serious comorbidity in patients with diabetic foot disease in Europe. Baseline results from the Eurodiale study. Diabetologia. 2007, 50 (1): 18-25. 10.1007\/s00125-006-0491-1.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"1329_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03470090080036","volume":"266","author":"LG Newman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Newman LG, Waller J, Palestro CJ, Schwartz M, Klein MJ, Hermann G, Harrington E, Harrington M, Roman SH, Stagnaro-Green A: Unsuspected osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers. Diagnosis and monitoring by leukocyte scanning with indium in 111 oxyquinoline. Jama. 1991, 266 (9): 1246-1251. 10.1001\/jama.266.9.1246.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"8","key":"1329_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.8.851","volume":"159","author":"D Pittet","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pittet D, Wyssa B, Herter-Clavel C, Kursteiner K, Vaucher J, Lew PD: Outcome of diabetic foot infections treated conservatively: a retrospective cohort study with long-term follow-up. Arch Intern Med. 1999, 159 (8): 851-856. 10.1001\/archinte.159.8.851.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1329_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19870101-28","volume":"10","author":"FW Wagner Jr","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wagner FW: The diabetic foot. Orthopedics. 1987, 10 (1): 163-172.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1329_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200202000-00004","volume":"40","author":"DM Reker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Reker DM, Rosen AK, Hoenig H, Berlowitz DR, Laughlin J, Anderson L, Marshall CR, Rittman M: The hazards of stroke case selection using administrative data. Med Care. 2002, 40 (2): 96-104. 10.1097\/00005650-200202000-00004.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"1329_CR8","volume-title":"Presented in Health Services Research and Development National Meeting","author":"M Safford","year":"2004","unstructured":"Safford M, Findley P, Miller DR, Rajan M, Pogach L, Findley T: Stroke incidence among VA patients with diabetes. Presented in Health Services Research and Development National Meeting. 2004, Washington, D.C"},{"issue":"2","key":"1329_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2005.00482.x","volume":"41","author":"EF Kern","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kern EF, Maney M, Miller DR, Tseng CL, Tiwari A, Rajan M, Aron D, Pogach L: Failure of ICD-9-CM codes to identify patients with comorbid chronic kidney disease in diabetes. Health Serv Res. 2006, 41 (2): 564-580. 10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2005.00482.x.","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"1329_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1999.10198.x","volume":"14","author":"LA Petersen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Petersen LA, Wright S, Normand SL, Daley J: Positive predictive value of the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in an administrative database. J Gen Intern Med. 1999, 14 (9): 555-558. 10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1999.10198.x.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"1329_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198811243192106","volume":"319","author":"JF Fitzgerald","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fitzgerald JF, Moore PS, Dittus RS: The care of elderly patients with hip fracture. Changes since implementation of the prospective payment system. N Engl J Med. 1988, 319 (21): 1392-1397. 10.1056\/NEJM198811243192106.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1329_CR12","first-page":"88","volume":"43","author":"CL Tseng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tseng CL, Rajan M, Miller DR, Hawley G, Crystal S, Xie M, Tiwari A, Safford M, Pogach L: Use of administrative data to risk adjust amputation rates in a national cohort of medicare-enrolled veterans with diabetes. Med Care. 2005, 43 (1): 88-92.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"1329_CR13","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: PQI #16 Rate of lower extremity amputation among patients with diabetes. [\n                    http:\/\/www.qualityindicators.ahrq.gov\/downloads\/pqi\/specs\/PQI%2016%20Rate%20of%20Lower-extremity%20Amputation.pdf\n                    \n                  ]"},{"key":"1329_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-4-2","volume":"4","author":"MW Sohn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sohn MW, Arnold N, Maynard C, Hynes DM: Accuracy and completeness of mortality data in the Department of Veterans Affairs. Popul Health Metr. 2006, 4: 2-10.1186\/1478-7954-4-2.","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"issue":"6973","key":"1329_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6973.170","volume":"310","author":"JM Bland","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bland JM, Altman DG: Multiple significance tests: the Bonferroni method. Bmj. 1995, 310 (6973): 170.","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"1","key":"1329_CR16","first-page":"54","volume":"49","author":"RG Smith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smith RG: Validation of Wagner's classification: a literature review. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2003, 49 (1): 54-62.","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1329_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.464","volume":"20","author":"NC Schaper","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schaper NC: Diabetic foot ulcer classification system for research purposes: a progress report on criteria for including patients in research studies. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2004, 20 (Suppl 1): S90-95. 10.1002\/dmrr.464.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"1329_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01275.x","volume":"21","author":"KA Treece","year":"2004","unstructured":"Treece KA, Macfarlane RM, Pound N, Game FL, Jeffcoate WJ: Validation of a system of foot ulcer classification in diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 2004, 21 (9): 987-991. 10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01275.x.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"1329_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000182393.31978.c3","volume":"439","author":"MB Strauss","year":"2005","unstructured":"Strauss MB, Aksenov IV: Evaluation of diabetic wound classifications and a new wound score. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005, 439: 79-86. 10.1097\/01.blo.0000182393.31978.c3.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1329_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01363.x","volume":"22","author":"PR Wraight","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wraight PR, Lawrence SM, Campbell DA, Colman PG: Creation of a multidisciplinary, evidence, based, clinical guideline for the assessment, investigation and management of acute diabetes related foot complications. Diabet Med. 2005, 22 (2): 127-136. 10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01363.x.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1329_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2431","volume":"29","author":"S Beckert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beckert S, Witte M, Wicke C, Konigsrainer A, Coerper S: A new wound-based severity score for diabetic foot ulcers: A prospective analysis of 1,000 patients. Diabetes Care. 2006, 29 (5): 988-992. 10.2337\/dc05-2431.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1329_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1086\/511036","volume":"44","author":"LA Lavery","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lavery LA, Armstrong DG, Murdoch DP, Peters EJ, Lipsky BA: Validation of the Infectious Diseases Society of America's diabetic foot infection classification system. Clin Infect Dis. 2007, 44 (4): 562-565. 10.1086\/511036.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"1329_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000222737.09322.77","volume":"117","author":"BA Lipsky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Deery HG, Embil JM, Joseph WS, Karchmer AW, LeFrock JL, Lew DP, Mader JT, Norden C, et al: Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006, 117 (7 Suppl): 212S-238S. 10.1097\/01.prs.0000222737.09322.77.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1329_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.2.495","volume":"26","author":"BA Young","year":"2003","unstructured":"Young BA, Maynard C, Reiber G, Boyko EJ: Effects of ethnicity and nephropathy on lower-extremity amputation risk among diabetic veterans. Diabetes Care. 2003, 26 (2): 495-501. 10.2337\/diacare.26.2.495.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1329_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp032966","volume":"351","author":"AJ Boulton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boulton AJ, Kirsner RS, Vileikyte L: Clinical practice. Neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers. N Engl J Med. 2004, 351 (1): 48-55. 10.1056\/NEJMcp032966.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1329_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(01)00217-3","volume":"16","author":"S Zimny","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zimny S, Schatz H, Pfohl M: Determinants and estimation of healing times in diabetic foot ulcers. J Diabetes Complications. 2002, 16 (5): 327-332. 10.1016\/S1056-8727(01)00217-3.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"11","key":"1329_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200411000-00005","volume":"42","author":"JW Peabody","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peabody JW, Luck J, Jain S, Bertenthal D, Glassman P: Assessing the accuracy of administrative data in health information systems. Med Care. 2004, 42 (11): 1066-1072. 10.1097\/00005650-200411000-00005.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"1329_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199809000-00005","volume":"36","author":"TM Kashner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kashner TM: Agreement between administrative files and written medical records: a case of the Department of Veterans Affairs. Med Care. 1998, 36 (9): 1324-1336. 10.1097\/00005650-199809000-00005.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"1329_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00246-4","volume":"57","author":"M Wilchesky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wilchesky M, Tamblyn RM, Huang A: Validation of diagnostic codes within medical services claims. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004, 57 (2): 131-141. 10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00246-4.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1329_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3181649439","volume":"46","author":"C De Coster","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Coster C, Li B, Quan H: Comparison and validity of procedures coded With ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CA\/CCI. Med Care. 2008, 46 (6): 627-634. 10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3181649439.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"1329_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01640.x","volume":"22","author":"N Pound","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pound N, Chipchase S, Treece K, Game F, Jeffcoate W: Ulcer-free survival following management of foot ulcers in diabetes. Diabet Med. 2005, 22 (10): 1306-1309. 10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01640.x.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1329_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.2.491","volume":"26","author":"PK Moulik","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moulik PK, Mtonga R, Gill GV: Amputation and mortality in new-onset diabetic foot ulcers stratified by etiology. Diabetes Care. 2003, 26 (2): 491-494. 10.2337\/diacare.26.2.491.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"1329_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.5.855","volume":"21","author":"DG Armstrong","year":"1998","unstructured":"Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Harkless LB: Validation of a diabetic wound classification system. The contribution of depth, infection, and ischemia to risk of amputation. Diabetes Care. 1998, 21 (5): 855-859. 10.2337\/diacare.21.5.855.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1329_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2006.00274.x","volume":"4","author":"BA Lipsky","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lipsky BA, Sheehan P, Armstrong DG, Tice AD, Polis AB, Abramson MA: Clinical predictors of treatment failure for diabetic foot infections: data from a prospective trial. Int Wound J. 2007, 4 (1): 30-38. 10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2006.00274.x.","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"10","key":"1329_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.10.1835","volume":"25","author":"DJ Margolis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Margolis DJ, Allen-Taylor L, Hoffstad O, Berlin JA: Diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers: the association of wound size, wound duration, and wound grade on healing. Diabetes Care. 2002, 25 (10): 1835-1839. 10.2337\/diacare.25.10.1835.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1329_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-8422(02)00018-6","volume":"19","author":"S Albert","year":"2002","unstructured":"Albert S: Cost-effective management of recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2002, 19 (4): 483-491. 10.1016\/S0891-8422(02)00018-6.","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1329_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1038-5282.2001.00371.x","volume":"9","author":"D Ewald","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ewald D, Patel M, Hall G: Hospital separations indicate increasing need for prevention of diabetic foot complications in central Australia. Aust J Rural Health. 2001, 9 (6): 275-279. 10.1046\/j.1038-5282.2001.00371.x.","journal-title":"Aust J Rural Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1329_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.3.630","volume":"25","author":"TS Harwell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Harwell TS, Gilman J, Dehart L, Loran E, Eyler N, Schrumpf P, Corsi CM, McDowall JM, Johnson EA, Ford JA, et al: Validation of a case definition for foot complications among hospitalized patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002, 25 (3): 630-631. 10.2337\/diacare.25.3.630.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1329_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2006.01039.x","volume":"36","author":"PR Wraight","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wraight PR, Lawrence SM, Campbell DA, Colman PG: Retrospective data for diabetic foot complications: only the tip of the iceberg?. Intern Med J. 2006, 36 (3): 197-199. 10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2006.01039.x.","journal-title":"Intern Med J"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1472-6963-10-192\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6963-10-192.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6963-10-192","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6963-10-192.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T23:06:10Z","timestamp":1548198370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6963-10-192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1329"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6963-10-192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,6]]},"article-number":"192"}}