{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T12:24:37Z","timestamp":1772713477453,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,23]],"date-time":"2012-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Health Serv Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,23]],"date-time":"2012-07-23T12:15:05Z","timestamp":1343045705000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Assessing methods for measurement of clinical outcomes and quality of care in primary care practices"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Michael E","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R Liisa","family":"Jaakkimainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard H","family":"Glazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Barnsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Birtwhistle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2072_CR1","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Building on Values: The Future of Health Care in Canada","author":"RJ Romanow","year":"2002","unstructured":"Romanow RJ: Primary Health Care and Prevention. Building on Values: The Future of Health Care in Canada. 2002, Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada, Saskatoon, 115-35."},{"key":"2072_CR2","volume-title":"The Affordable Care Act: HR 3962. To provide affordable quality health care for all Americans and reduce the growth in health care spending and for other purposes","author":"United States Congress","year":"2010","unstructured":"United States Congress: The Affordable Care Act: HR 3962. To provide affordable quality health care for all Americans and reduce the growth in health care spending and for other purposes. 2010, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Accessed online at: \n                    http:\/\/docs.house.gov\/rules\/health\/111_ahcaa.pdf"},{"key":"2072_CR3","volume-title":"Excellence and Equity: Liberating the NHS. London, England, Crown Copyright","author":"Department of Health","year":"2010","unstructured":"Department of Health: Excellence and Equity: Liberating the NHS. London, England, Crown Copyright. 2010, UK: The Stationary Company Limited on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty\u2019s Stationary Office, London, Accessed online at: \n                    http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/prod_consum_dh\/groups\/dh_digitalassets\/@dh\/@en\/@ps\/documents\/digitalasset\/dh_117352.pdf"},{"key":"2072_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196111022651805","volume":"265","author":"KL White","year":"1961","unstructured":"White KL, Williams TF, Greenberg BG: The Ecology of Medical Care. NEJM. 1961, 265: 885-892. 10.1056\/NEJM196111022651805.","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"key":"2072_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.52","volume":"1","author":"GE Freyer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Freyer GE, Green LA, Dovey SM, Yawn BP, Phillips RL, Lanier D: Variations in the Ecology of Medical Care. Ann Fam Med. 2003, 1: 81-89. 10.1370\/afm.52.","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"issue":"8930","key":"2072_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90634-3","volume":"344","author":"B Starfield","year":"1994","unstructured":"Starfield B: Is Primary Care Essential?. Lancet. 1994, 344 (8930): 1129-1133. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90634-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2072_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8510(01)00208-1","volume":"60","author":"B Starfield","year":"2002","unstructured":"Starfield B, Shi L: Policy Relevant Determinants of Health: An International Perspective. Health Policy. 2002, 60 (3): 201-218. 10.1016\/S0168-8510(01)00208-1.","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2072_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.00149","volume":"38","author":"J Macinko","year":"2003","unstructured":"Macinko J, Starfield B, Shi L: The Contribution of Primary Care Systems to Health Outcomes Within the Organization for Economic Development (OECD) Countries, 1970-1998. Health Services Research. 2003, 38 (3): 831-865. 10.1111\/1475-6773.00149.","journal-title":"Health Services Research"},{"key":"2072_CR9","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Implementing Primary Care Reform: Barriers and Facilitators","author":"SED Shortt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shortt SED: Primary Care Reform: Is There a Clinical Rationale?. Implementing Primary Care Reform: Barriers and Facilitators. Edited by: Wilson R, Shortt SED, Dorland J. 2004, Kingston: McGill-Queen\u2019s University Press, 11-24."},{"issue":"sp","key":"2072_CR10","first-page":"33","volume":"5","author":"DE Watson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Watson DE, Broemeling AM, Wong ST: A Results Based Logic Model for Pirmary Healthcare: A Conceptual Foundation for Population-Based Information Systems. Healthcare Policy. 2009, 5 (sp): 33-36.","journal-title":"Healthcare Policy"},{"key":"2072_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-11-91","volume":"11","author":"ST Wong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wong ST, Yin D, Bhattacharyya O, Wang B, Liqun L, Chen B: Developing a Performance Measruement Framework and Indicators for Community Health Service Facilities in Urban China. BMC Family Practice. 2010, 11: 91-10.1186\/1471-2296-11-91. \n                    http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/1471-2296\/11\/91\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"BMC Family Practice"},{"key":"2072_CR12","volume-title":"Pan-Canadian Primary Health Care Indicators: Report 1 Volumes 1 and 2","author":"CIHI","year":"2006","unstructured":"CIHI: Pan-Canadian Primary Health Care Indicators: Report 1 Volumes 1 and 2. 2006, Ottawa: Canadian Institute for Health Information"},{"key":"2072_CR13","volume-title":"Pan- Canadian Primary Health Care Indicators: Report 2. Enhancing the Primary Health Care Data Collection Infrastructure in Canada","author":"CIHI","year":"2006","unstructured":"CIHI: Pan- Canadian Primary Health Care Indicators: Report 2. Enhancing the Primary Health Care Data Collection Infrastructure in Canada. 2006, Canadian Institute for Health Information, Ottawa"},{"issue":"sp","key":"2072_CR14","first-page":"47","volume":"5","author":"AM Broemeling","year":"2009","unstructured":"Broemeling AM, Watson DE, Black C, Wong ST: Measuring the Performance of Primary Healthcare: Existing Capacity and Potential Information to Support Population-Based Analyses. Healthcare Policy. 2009, 5 (sp): 47-64.","journal-title":"Healthcare Policy"},{"key":"2072_CR15","first-page":"1215","volume":"54","author":"S Johnston","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnston S, Dahrouge S, Hogg W: Gauging to gain: Primary care performance measurement. Can Fam Phys. 2008, 54: 1215-17.","journal-title":"Can Fam Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"2072_CR16","first-page":"791","volume":"37","author":"AE Bonomi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bonomi AE, Wagner EH, Glasgow RE, VonKorff M: Assessment of chronic illness care (ACIC): A practical tool to measure quality improvement. HSR. 2002, 37 (3): 791-820.","journal-title":"HSR"},{"issue":"6","key":"2072_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199806000-00009","volume":"36","author":"KC Stange","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stange KC, Zyzanski SJ, Smith TF, Kelly R, Langa D, Flock SA, Jaen C: How Valid are Medical Records and Patient Questionaires for Physician Profiling and Health Services Research?: A Comparison with Direct Observation of Patient Visits. Med Care. 1998, 36 (6): 851-867. 10.1097\/00005650-199806000-00009.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2072_CR18","volume-title":"Primary Care in Ontario","author":"L Jaakkimainen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jaakkimainen L, Klein-Geltink JE, Guttman A, Barnsley J, Zagorski BM, Kopp A, Saskin R, Leong A, Wang L: Indicators of Primary Care Based on Administrative Data. Primary Care in Ontario. Edited by: Jaakkimainen L, Upshur R, Klein-Geltink J, Leong A, Maaten S, Schultz S, Wang L. 2006, An ICES Atlas, ICES, Toronto, November"},{"issue":"6","key":"2072_CR19","first-page":"2238","volume":"41","author":"A Katz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Katz A, Soodeen R-A, Bogdanovic B, De Coster C, Chateau D: Can the Quality of Care in Family Practice be Measured Using Administrative Data?. HSR. 2006, 41 (6): 2238-2254.","journal-title":"HSR"},{"issue":"6","key":"2072_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198806000-00001","volume":"26","author":"B Gerbert","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gerbert B, Stone G, Stulbarg M, Gullion DS, Greenfield S: Agreement Among Physician Assessment Methods: Searching for the Truth Among Fallible Methods. Med Care. 1988, 26 (6): 519-535. 10.1097\/00005650-198806000-00001.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2072_CR21","first-page":"495","volume":"56","author":"W Hogg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hogg W, Gyorfi-Dyke E, Johnston S, Dahrouge S, Liddy C, Russell G, Kristjanssonn E: Chart audits in practice-based primary care research: A user\u2019s guide. Can Fam Phys. 2010, 56: 495.","journal-title":"Can Fam Phys"},{"key":"2072_CR22","first-page":"1375","volume":"56","author":"W Hogg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hogg W, Johnston S, Russell G, Dahrouge S, Gyorfi-Dyke E, Kristjanssonn E: Conducting waiting room surveys in practice-based primary care research: A user\u2019s guide. Can Fam Phys. 2010, 56: 1375.","journal-title":"Can Fam Phys"},{"key":"2072_CR23","first-page":"161","volume":"51","author":"L Shi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shi L, Starfield B, Jiahong N: Validating the Adult Primary Care Assessment Tool. J Fam Pract. 2001, 51: 161-Full text accessed online at \n                    www.jfponline.com","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"2072_CR24","volume-title":"The Impact of Patient-Centered Care on Outcomes","author":"M Stewart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stewart M, Belle Brown J, Conner A, McWhinney IR, Oates J, Weston WW: The Impact of Patient-Centered Care on Outcomes. J Fam Pract. 2000, 49 (9): Full text accessed online at \n                    www.jfponline.com"},{"key":"2072_CR25","unstructured":"Canadian Community Health Survey: Accessed online at \n                    http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/cgi-bin\/imdb\/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=3226&lang=en&db=imdb&adm=8&dis=2"},{"key":"2072_CR26","unstructured":"National Physician Survey Long Form: 2007, Accessed online at \n                    http:\/\/www.nationalphysiciansurvey.ca\/nps\/2007-Q\/fp-e-5.pdf"},{"key":"2072_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c4226","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4226","volume":"341","author":"DG Manual","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manual DG, Rosella LC, Stuckell TA: Importance of accurately identifying chronic disease in studies using electronic health records. BMJ. 2010, 341: c4226-10.1136\/bmj.c4226.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2072_CR28","volume-title":"ColonCancerCheck Screening Activity Reports for Family Physicians","author":"Cancer Care Ontario","year":"4","unstructured":"Cancer Care Ontario: ColonCancerCheck Screening Activity Reports for Family Physicians. 4, Accessed online at: \n                    http:\/\/www.cancercare.on.ca\/cms\/one.aspx?portalId=1377&pageId=87564"},{"key":"2072_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-12-14","volume":"12","author":"S Johnston","year":"2011","unstructured":"Johnston S, Green ME, Thille P, Savage C, Roberts L, Russell G, Hogg W: Performance feedback in interdisciplinary primary care teams. BMC Family Practice. 2011, 12: 14-10.1186\/1471-2296-12-14.","journal-title":"BMC Family Practice"},{"key":"2072_CR30","volume-title":"Practical Statistics for Medical Research","author":"DG Altman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Altman DG: Practical Statistics for Medical Research. 1991, London England: Chapman and Hall"},{"issue":"6","key":"2072_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(90)90158-L","volume":"43","author":"AR Feinstein","year":"1990","unstructured":"Feinstein AR, Cicchetti DV: High agreement but low kappa: I. The problems of two paradoxes. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990, 43 (6): 543-549. 10.1016\/0895-4356(90)90158-L.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2072_CR32","first-page":"S35","volume":"7","author":"MB Conroy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Conroy MB, Majchrzak NE, Silverman CB, Chang Y, Regan S, Schneider LI, Rigotti NA: Measuring provider adherence to tobacco treatment guidelines: A comparison of electronic medical record review, patient survey, and provider survey. Nicotine and Tobacco Research. 2004, 7 (S1): S35-S43.","journal-title":"Nicotine and Tobacco Research"},{"key":"2072_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.6.795","volume":"85","author":"DE Montano","year":"1995","unstructured":"Montano DE, Phillips WR: Cancer Screening by Primary Care Physicians: A Comparison of Rates Obtained from Physician Self-Report, Patient Survey, and Chart Audit. Am J Public Health. 1995, 85: 795-800. 10.2105\/AJPH.85.6.795.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2072_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1353\/cja.2005.0055","volume":"24","author":"L Roos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roos L, Guta S, Soodeen RA, Jebamani L: Data quality in an information rich environment: Canada as an example. Canadian Journal on Aging. 2005, 24: 153-10.1353\/cja.2005.0055.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal on Aging"},{"key":"2072_CR35","volume-title":"Primary Care in Ontario","author":"L Jaakkimainen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jaakkimainen L, Upshur R, Klein-Geltink J, Leong A, Maaten S, Schultz S, Wang L: Primary Care in Ontario. 2006, Toronto: An ICES Atlas, ICES, November"},{"issue":"3","key":"2072_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.3.512","volume":"25","author":"J Hux","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hux J, Ivis F, Flintock V, Bica A: Diabetes in Ontario: Determination of prevalence and incidence using a validated administrative algorithm. Diabetes Care. 2002, 25 (3): 512-6. 10.2337\/diacare.25.3.512.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2072_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1136\/qhc.12.2.122","volume":"12","author":"AE Powel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Powel AE, Davies H, Thomson R: Using routine comparative data to assess the quality of health care: understanding and avoiding common pitfalls. Quality and Safety in Health Care. 2003, 12 (2): 122-8. 10.1136\/qhc.12.2.122.","journal-title":"Quality and Safety in Health Care"},{"key":"2072_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.946","volume":"7","author":"R MacDonald","year":"2009","unstructured":"MacDonald R, Roland M: Pay for Performance in Primary Care in England and California: Comparison of Unitended Consequences. Ann Fam Med. 2009, 7: 121-127. 10.1370\/afm.946.","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"2072_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.645","volume":"5","author":"RM Werner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Werner RM, Asch DA: Clinical Concerns About Clinical Performance Measurement. Ann Fam Med. 2007, 5: 159-163. 10.1370\/afm.645.","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1472-6963-12-214\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6963-12-214.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6963-12-214","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1472-6963-12-214.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T05:21:04Z","timestamp":1548134464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6963-12-214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,23]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6963-12-214","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,23]]},"article-number":"214"}}