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In this study, we evaluated the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl amide (CAPA) on glucose homeostasis and vascular function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Diabetes (blood glucose levels &gt; 350 mg\/dL), was induced in Wistar rats by a single intravenous injection of 60 mg\/kg STZ. Hypoglycemic effects were then assessed in normal and type 1 diabetic rats. In addition, coronary blood flow in Langendorff-perfused hearts was evaluated in the presence or absence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. The thoracic aorta was used to measure vascular response to phenylephrine. Finally, the effect of chronic treatment of CAPA and insulin on coronary artery flow and vascular response to phenylephrine were analyzed in diabetic rats.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Oral administration of 0.1 mg\/kg CAPA decreased plasma glucose in normal (32.9 \u00b1 2.3% decrease, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and diabetic rats (11.8 \u00b1 5.5% decrease, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In normal and diabetic rat hearts, 1\u201310 \u03bcM CAPA increased coronary flow rate, and this increase was abolished by 10 \u03bcM NOS inhibitor. In the thoracic aorta, the concentration\/response curve of phenylephrine was right-shifted by administration of 100 \u03bcM CAPA. Coronary flow rate was reduced to 7.2 \u00b1 0.2 mL\/min at 8 weeks after STZ-induction. However, 4 weeks of treatment with CAPA (3 mg\/kg, intraperitoneal, twice daily) started at 4 weeks after STZ induction increased flow rate to 11.2 \u00b1 0.5 mL\/min (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In addition, the contractile response induced by 1 \u03bcM phenylephrine increased from 6.8 \u00b1 0.6 mN to 11.4 \u00b1 0.4 mN (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and 14.9 \u00b1 1.4 mN (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) by insulin (1 IU\/kg, intraperitoneal) or CAPA treatment, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>CAPA induced hypoglycemic activity, increased coronary blood flow and vascular response to phenylephrine in type 1 diabetic rats. The increase in coronary blood flow may result from endothelial NOS activation. However, the detailed cellular mechanisms need to be further evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-12-99","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,6]],"date-time":"2013-07-06T00:14:47Z","timestamp":1373069687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Caffeic acid phenethyl amide improves glucose homeostasis and attenuates the progression of vascular dysfunction in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yi-Jin","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Pin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzong-Cherng","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Chia","family":"Chang Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An-Sheng","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsi-Lin","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueh-Hsiung","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Jai","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"685_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-s064","volume":"35","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2012","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. 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