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Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a potent superantigenic exotoxin, is produced by 50% of clinical isolates of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and is associated with massive food poisoning and with the induction of toxic shock syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A gene sequence encoding a recombinant SEB (rSEB), devoid of superantigenic activity, was successfully cloned and expressed in a cytoplasmic or a secreted form in the food-grade lactic acid bacterium <jats:italic>Lactococcus lactis<\/jats:italic>. The recombinant protein detected in the cytoplasm or in the culture medium exhibited the expected molecular mass and was recognized by a SEB-polyclonal antibody. Oral immunization with the recombinant <jats:italic>L. lactis<\/jats:italic> strains induced a protective immune response in a murine model of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> infection. Immunized mice survived intraperitoneal challenge with an <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> SEB-producer strain. Counts of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> in the spleen of rSEB-immunized mice were significantly reduced. The rSEB-immunized mice showed significant titers of anti-SEB IgA and IgG in stools and serum, respectively. Both recombinant <jats:italic>L. lactis<\/jats:italic> strains were able to elicit cellular or systemic immune responses in mice, with no significant difference if rSEB was produced in its cytoplasmic or secreted form. However, recombinant <jats:italic>L. lactis<\/jats:italic> expressing the cytoplasmic rSEB increased the survival rate of the challenged mice by 43%.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings show the vaccine efficacy of <jats:italic>L. lactis<\/jats:italic> carrying an attenuated SEB, in a murine model, following lethal <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> challenge.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-12-32","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,5]],"date-time":"2013-04-05T10:16:20Z","timestamp":1365156980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Oral immunization with Lactococcus lactis secreting attenuated recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxin B induces a protective immune response in a murine model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Giselli Fernandes","family":"Asensi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia Ferrari Fonseca","family":"de Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiano Ferreira","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Ferreira","family":"Feij\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Torres","family":"Bozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anderson","family":"Miyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"de Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasco Ariston de Carvalho","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joab Trajano","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Le Loir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e2nia Margaret Flosi","family":"Paschoalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"824_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(07)72175-1","volume":"29","author":"AL Casey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Casey AL, Lambert PA, Elliott TS: Staphylococci. 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