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Several species are recognized within the genus<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>and this classification is mainly based on the difference in pathogenicity and in host preference.<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>strains may occur as either smooth or rough, expressing smooth LPS (S-LPS) or rough LPS (R-LPS) as major surface antigen. This bacterium possesses an unconventional non-endotoxic lipopolysaccharide that confers resistance to anti-microbial attacks and modulates the host immune response. The strains that are pathogenic for humans (<jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>) carry a smooth LPS involved in the virulence of these bacteria. The LPS O-chain protects the bacteria from cellular cationic peptides, oxygen metabolites and complement-mediated lysis and it is a key molecule for<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>survival and replication in the host. Here, we review i)<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>LPS structure; ii)<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>genome, iii) genes involved in LPS biosynthesis; iv) the interaction between LPS and innate immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-5-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,6]],"date-time":"2006-04-06T12:49:20Z","timestamp":1144327760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Brucella spp noncanonical LPS: structure, biosynthesis, and interaction with host immune system"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Gomes","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilson Costa","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasco","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio Costa","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"77_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.2.283","volume":"21","author":"EJ Young","year":"1995","unstructured":"Young EJ: An overview of human brucellosis. 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