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Herein, a dual fluorescent labelling of heavy metals accumulation in the<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>parasite is proposed as an alternative to the use of radioactive labelled heavy metals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>Cd resistant and sensitive strains at the trophozoite stage were used in this study. The cells were cultured at different CdCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>concentrations and for different time periods followed by staining of the infected red blood cells with Fluo-3\/AM for Cd detection and Hoechst 33342 for parasite DNA labelling. The fluorescent analysis was done by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results show that the sensitive strain has a higher Fluo-3\/AM fluorescence in a Cd concentration and time dependent manner, whereas in the resistant strain Fluo-3\/AM fluorescence levels were negligible and increased only at high concentrations of Cd and at long incubation periods, but to a much lesser extent than the sensitive strain<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>No Cd uptake is observed in uninfected red blood cells populations originating from cultures infected with either sensitive or resistant strain. In addition, confocal microscopy overlay of Fluo-3\/AM and Hoechst staining shows that the Cd metal accumulates in the parasite itself.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dual fluorescent labelling is a valid method for detecting heavy metal accumulation in<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, in contrast to the use of radioactive labelled heavy metal, the fluorescent labelling enables us to differentiate between the different populations existing in a<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>infected red blood cells cultures and thus actually study a phenomenon at the level of a single cell.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]],"date-time":"2012-11-08T15:14:23Z","timestamp":1352387663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dual fluorescent labelling of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum for the analysis of the ABC type transporter pfmdr2"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Benyamin","family":"Rosental","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzi","family":"Hadad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Sinay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Braiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Porgador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaakov","family":"Pollack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2596_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1126\/science.781840","volume":"193","author":"W Trager","year":"1976","unstructured":"Trager W, Jensen JB: Human malaria parasites in continuous culture. 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