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In this study, genetic analysis was performed on<jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>parasites isolated from peripheral and placental blood in pregnant women living in North-west Colombia, and compared with parasites causing acute malaria in non-pregnant populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 57 pregnant women at delivery with malaria infection confirmed by real-time PCR in peripheral or placental blood were included, as well as 50 pregnant women in antenatal care and 80 men or non-pregnant women with acute malaria confirmed by a positive thick smear for<jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>. Five molecular markers per species were genotyped by nested PCR and capillary electrophoresis. Genetic diversity and the fixation index F<jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub>per species and study group were calculated and compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Almost all infections at delivery were asymptomatic with significantly lower levels of infection compared with the groups with acute malaria. Expected heterozygosity for<jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>molecular markers ranged from 0.765 to 0.928 and for<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>markers ranged from 0.331 to 0.604. For<jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>infections, the genetic diversity was similar amongst the four study groups and the fixation index from each pairwise comparison failed to show significant genetic differentiation. For<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, no genetic differentiation was observed between placental and peripheral parasites from the same woman at delivery, but the parasites isolated at delivery showed significant genetic differentiation compared with parasites isolated from subjects with acute malaria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In North-west Colombia,<jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>parasites have high genetic diversity that is equivalent in pregnant and non-pregnant populations as well as in symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. For<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, the overall genetic diversity is lower, with specific genotypes associated with asymptomatic infections at delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,26]],"date-time":"2012-11-26T11:14:22Z","timestamp":1353928462000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Genotype comparison of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum clones from pregnant and non-pregnant populations in North-west Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Eliana M","family":"Arango","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roshini","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga M","family":"Agudelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Carmona-Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Maestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie K","family":"Yanow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2539_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70021-X","volume":"7","author":"M Desai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Desai M, ter Kuile FO, Nosten F, McGready R, Asamoa K, Brabin B, Newman RD: Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy. 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