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To determine whether parasite susceptibility has been affected by the new anti-malarial policies, an <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> susceptibility and drug resistance molecular marker study was conducted on local isolates obtained from the Centre de sant\u00e9 Elizabeth Diouf (M\u00e9dina, Dakar, Senegal).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in genes associated with anti-malarial drug resistance, i.e., <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pfdhps<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>, were evaluated for a panel of 165 isolates collected from patients recruited from 17 August 2010 to 6 January 2011. The malaria isolates were assessed for susceptibility to chloroquine (CQ); quinine (QN); monodesethylamodiaquine (MDAQ), the active metabolite of amodiaquine; mefloquine (MQ); lumefantrine (LMF); dihydroartemisinin (DHA), the active metabolite of artemisinin derivatives; and doxycycline (DOX) using the <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> resistant isolates, or isolates with reduced susceptibility, was 62.1% for MQ, 24.2% for CQ, 10.3% for DOX, 11.8% MDAQ, 9.7% for QN, 2.9% for LMF and 0% for DHA. The <jats:italic>Pfcrt<\/jats:italic> 76T mutation was identified in 43.6% of the samples. The <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> 86Y, 184F and 1246Y mutations were found in 16.2%, 50.0% and 1.6% of the samples, respectively. The <jats:italic>pfdhfr<\/jats:italic> 108N, 51I and 59R mutations were identified in 81.9%, 77.4% and 79.4% of the samples, respectively. The double mutant (108N and 51I) was detected in 75.5% of the isolates, and the triple mutant (108N, 51I and 59R) was detected in 73.6% of the isolates. The <jats:italic>pfdhps<\/jats:italic> 437G, 436A and 613S mutations were found in 54.4%, 38.6% and 1.2% of the samples, respectively. There was only one double mutant, 437G and 540E, and one quintuple mutant, <jats:italic>pfdhfr<\/jats:italic> 108N, 51I and 59R and <jats:italic>pfdhps<\/jats:italic> 437G and 540E. The prevalence of the quadruple mutant (<jats:italic>pfdhfr<\/jats:italic> 108N, 51I and 59R and <jats:italic>pfdhps<\/jats:italic> 437G) was 36.7%.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The results of this study indicate that an intensive surveillance of the <jats:italic>in vitro P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> susceptibility to anti-malarial drugs must be conducted in Senegal.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,24]],"date-time":"2013-03-24T01:15:32Z","timestamp":1364087732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Plasmodium falciparum susceptibility to anti-malarial drugs in Dakar, Senegal, in 2010: an ex vivo and drug resistance molecular markers study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"B\u00e9caye","family":"Fall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatoumata D","family":"Sarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Wurtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Baret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaya","family":"Di\u00e9m\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Briolant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Bercion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boubacar","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adama","family":"Tall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Pradines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2699_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2006.05.005","volume":"36","author":"J Le Bras","year":"2006","unstructured":"Le Bras J, Musset L, Clain J: Antimalarial drug resistance. 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