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The main aim of this study was to investigate frequency distribution of drug resistance associated mutations in <jats:italic>pvdhfr<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pvdhps<\/jats:italic> genes and provide baseline molecular epidemiological data on SP-associated resistance in <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> from southern Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>From January 2008 to May 2009, a total of 150 samples were collected from patients tested slide-positive for <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>, at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, or its collection units located in Baluchistan and Sindh Province. Nested PCR using <jats:italic>pvdhfr<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pvdhps<\/jats:italic> specific primers was performed for all samples.91.3% (137\/150) of the samples were tested PCR positive of which 87.3% (131\/137) were successfully sequenced. Sample sequencing data was analysed and compared against wild type reference sequences.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In <jats:italic>dhfr<\/jats:italic>, mutations were observed at codons F57L, S58R and S117N\/T. Novel non-synonymous mutations were observed at codon positions N50I, G114R and E119K while a synonymous mutation was observed at codon position 69Y. In <jats:italic>dhps<\/jats:italic>, mutations were observed at codon position A383G and A553G while novel non-synonymous mutations were observed at codon positions S373T, E380K, P384L, N389T, V392D, T393P, D459A, M601I, A651D and A661V.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This is the first report from southern Pakistan on SP resistance in clinical isolates of <jats:italic>P. vivax.<\/jats:italic> Results from this study confirm that diverse drug resistant alleles are circulating within this region.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]],"date-time":"2013-07-26T18:23:09Z","timestamp":1374862989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence of drug resistance associated mutations in Plasmodium vivax against sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in southern Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Afsheen","family":"Raza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najia K","family":"Ghanchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Shahzeb","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Asim","family":"Beg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2873_CR1","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention.http:\/\/www.cdc.gov,"},{"key":"2873_CR2","volume-title":"World Malaria Report","author":"WHO","year":"2012","unstructured":"WHO: World Malaria Report. 2012, World Heath Organization,http:\/\/www.who.int\/malaria\/publications,"},{"key":"2873_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.26719\/2010.16.Supp.54","volume":"16","author":"Q Kakar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kakar Q, Khan MA, Bile KM: Malaria control in Pakistan: new tools at hand but challenging epidemiological realities. 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