{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T14:25:14Z","timestamp":1791123914729,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The malaria vector <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic> is polymorphic for chromosomal inversions on the right arm of chromosome 2 that segregate nonrandomly between assortatively mating populations in West Africa. One such inversion, 2Rj, is associated with the BAMAKO chromosomal form endemic to southern Mali and northern Guinea Conakry near the Niger River. Although it exploits a unique ecology and both molecular and chromosomal data suggest reduced gene flow between BAMAKO and other <jats:italic>A. gambiae<\/jats:italic> populations, no molecular markers exist to identify this form.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To facilitate study of the BAMAKO form, a PCR assay for molecular karyotyping of 2Rj was developed based on sequences at the breakpoint junctions. The assay was extensively validated using more than 700 field specimens whose karyotypes were determined in parallel by cytogenetic and molecular methods. As inversion 2Rj also occurs in SAVANNA populations outside the geographic range of BAMAKO, samples were tested from Senegal, Cameroon and western Guinea Conakry as well as from Mali.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In southern Mali, where 2Rj polymorphism in SAVANNA populations was very low and most of the 2Rj homozygotes were found in BAMAKO karyotypes, the molecular and cytogenetic methods were almost perfectly congruent. Elsewhere agreement between the methods was much poorer, as the molecular assay frequently misclassified 2Rj heterozygotes as 2R+<jats:sup>j<\/jats:sup> standard homozygotes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Molecular karyotyping of 2Rj is robust and accurate on 2R+<jats:sup>j<\/jats:sup> standard and 2Rj inverted homozygotes. Therefore, the proposed approach overcomes the lack of a rapid tool for identifying the BAMAKO form across developmental stages and sexes, and opens new perspectives for the study of BAMAKO ecology and behaviour. On the other hand, the method should not be applied for molecular karyotyping of j-carriers within the SAVANNA chromosomal form.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-6-133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,2]],"date-time":"2007-10-02T06:13:55Z","timestamp":1191305635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["PCR-based karyotyping of Anopheles gambiae inversion 2Rj identifies the BAMAKO chromosomal form"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mamadou B","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pombi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beniamino","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davis","family":"Nwakanma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musa","family":"Jawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lassana","family":"Konate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahima","family":"Dia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdrahamane","family":"Fofana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Simard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Petrarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra della","family":"Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9kou","family":"Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora J","family":"Besansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"438_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077769","volume":"298","author":"M Coluzzi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coluzzi M, Sabatini A, Della Torre A, Di Deco MA, Petrarca V: A polytene chromosome analysis of the Anopheles gambiae species complex. Science. 2002, 298: 1415-1418. 10.1126\/science.1077769.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"438_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90036-1","volume":"73","author":"M Coluzzi","year":"1979","unstructured":"Coluzzi M, Sabatini A, Petrarca V, Di Deco MA: Chromosomal differentiation and adaptation to human environments in the Anopheles gambiae complex. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1979, 73 (5): 483-497. 10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90036-1.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"438_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/11250008509440343","volume":"52","author":"M Coluzzi","year":"1985","unstructured":"Coluzzi M, Petrarca V, DiDeco MA: Chromosomal inversion intergradation and incipient speciation in Anopheles gambiae. Boll Zool. 1985, 52: 45-63.","journal-title":"Boll Zool"},{"key":"438_CR4","first-page":"477","volume":"40","author":"YT Toure","year":"1998","unstructured":"Toure YT, Petrarca V, Traore SF, Coulibaly A, Maiga HM, Sankare O, Sow M, DiDeco MA, Coluzzi M: The distribution and inversion polymorphism of chromosomally recognized taxa of the Anopheles gambiae complex in Mali, West Africa. Parassitologia. 1998, 40: 477-511.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"438_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.1997.00189.x","volume":"6","author":"G Favia","year":"1997","unstructured":"Favia G, della Torre A, Bagayoko M, Lanfrancotti A, Sagnon N, Toure YT, Coluzzi M: Molecular identification of sympatric chromosomal forms of Anopheles gambiae and further evidence of their reproductive isolation. Insect Mol Biol. 1997, 6 (4): 377-383. 10.1046\/j.1365-2583.1997.00189.x.","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.2001.00235.x","volume":"10","author":"A della Torre","year":"2001","unstructured":"della Torre A, Fanello C, Akogbeto M, Dossou-yovo J, Favia G, Petrarca V, Coluzzi M: Molecular evidence of incipient speciation within Anopheles gambiae s.s. in West Africa. Insect Mol Biol. 2001, 10 (1): 9-18. 10.1046\/j.1365-2583.2001.00235.x.","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5591","key":"438_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078170","volume":"298","author":"A della Torre","year":"2002","unstructured":"della Torre A, Costantini C, Besansky NJ, Caccone A, Petrarca V, Powell JR, Coluzzi M: Speciation within Anopheles gambiae--the glass is half full. Science. 2002, 298 (5591): 115-117. 10.1126\/science.1078170.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"438_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2005.02.006","volume":"35","author":"A Della Torre","year":"2005","unstructured":"Della Torre A, Tu Z, Petrarca V: On the distribution and genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae s.s. molecular forms. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2005, 35 (7): 755-769. 10.1016\/j.ibmb.2005.02.006.","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR9","first-page":"29","volume":"25","author":"V Petrarca","year":"1983","unstructured":"Petrarca V, Carrara GC, Di Deco MA, Petrangeli G: [The Anopheles gambiae complex in Guinea Bissau]. Parassitologia. 1983, 25 (1): 29-39.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"438_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.2003.00407.x","volume":"12","author":"C Fanello","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fanello C, Petrarca V, della Torre A, Santolamazza F, Dolo G, Coulibaly M, Alloueche A, Curtis CF, Toure YT, Coluzzi M: The pyrethroid knock-down resistance gene in the Anopheles gambiae complex in Mali and further indication of incipient speciation within An. gambiae s.s. Insect Mol Biol. 2003, 12 (3): 241-245. 10.1046\/j.1365-2583.2003.00407.x.","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"438_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.641","volume":"74","author":"MA Slotman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Slotman MA, Mendez MM, Torre AD, Dolo G, Toure YT, Caccone A: Genetic differentiation between the BAMAKO and SAVANNA chromosomal forms of Anopheles gambiae as indicated by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006, 74 (4): 641-648.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"9","key":"438_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e849","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000849","volume":"2","author":"MB Coulibaly","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coulibaly MB, Lobo NF, Fitzpatrick MC, Kern M, Grushko O, Thaner DV, Traore SF, Collins FH, Besansky NJ: Segmental duplication implicated in the genesis of inversion 2Rj of Anopheles gambiae. PLoS ONE. 2007, 2 (9): e849-10.1371\/journal.pone.0000849.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"438_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-1535-0_28","volume-title":"Molecular Biology of Disease Vectors: A Methods Manual","author":"A della Torre","year":"1997","unstructured":"della Torre A: Polytene chromosome preparation from anopheline mosquitoes. Molecular Biology of Disease Vectors: A Methods Manual. Edited by: Crampton JM, Beard CB, Louis C. 1997, London , Chapman & Hall, 329-336."},{"key":"438_CR14","unstructured":"Anopheles gambiae poster. [http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/feature\/data\/mosquito\/index.dtl#poster]"},{"issue":"4","key":"438_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2002.00393.x","volume":"16","author":"C Fanello","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fanello C, Santolamazza F, della Torre A: Simultaneous identification of species and molecular forms of the Anopheles gambiae complex by PCR-RFLP. Med Vet Entomol. 2002, 16 (4): 461-464. 10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2002.00393.x.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"issue":"6","key":"438_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.70.604","volume":"70","author":"F Santolamazza","year":"2004","unstructured":"Santolamazza F, Della Torre A, Caccone A: Short report: A new polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method to identify Anopheles arabiensis from An. gambiae and its two molecular forms from degraded DNA templates or museum samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004, 70 (6): 604-606.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"438_CR17","first-page":"365","volume-title":"Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols: Methods in Molecular Biology","author":"S Rozen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rozen S, Skaletsky HJ: Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols: Methods in Molecular Biology. Edited by: Krawetz S, Misener S. 2000, Totowa, NJ , Humana Press, 365-386."},{"key":"438_CR18","volume-title":"G\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00e9cologique et capacit\u00e9 vetorielle des membres du complexe Anopheles gambiae au Mali.","author":"YT Tour\u00e9","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tour\u00e9 YT: G\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00e9cologique et capacit\u00e9 vetorielle des membres du complexe Anopheles gambiae au Mali. 1985, Marseille, France , Universit\u00e9 de Droit, d\u2019Economie et des Sciences Aix-Marseille III, Volume Ph.D.:"},{"key":"438_CR19","unstructured":"Caputo B, Nwakanma D, Jawara M, Dia I, Konate L, Coluzzi M, Petrarca V, Conway DJ, Della Torre A: Populations of the Anophels gambiae M-form can have typical SAVANNA-form inversion karyotypes at the northwestern limits of its geographical range: (No. 231)., [http:\/\/www.astmh.org\/meeting_2006\/51-100.pdf]"},{"key":"438_CR20","unstructured":"Pombi M, Kamden C, Agbor JP, Petrarca V, Besansky NJ, Costantini C, Fontenille D, Della Torre A, Simard F: Macrogeographic patterns of chromosomal polymorphism in the molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae in relation to environmental heterogeneities in Cameroon: (No. 589)., [http:\/\/www.astmh.org\/meeting_2006\/151-200.pdf]"},{"issue":"3","key":"438_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/144.3.1155","volume":"144","author":"T Lehmann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lehmann T, Hawley WA, Collins FH: An evaluation of evolutionary constraints on microsatellite loci using null alleles. Genetics. 1996, 144 (3): 1155-1163.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"438_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.035303","volume":"169","author":"AD Stump","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stump AD, Shoener JA, Costantini C, Sagnon N, Besansky NJ: Sex-linked differentiation between incipient species of Anopheles gambiae. Genetics. 2005, 169 (3): 1509-1519. 10.1534\/genetics.104.035303.","journal-title":"Genetics"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-2875-6-133.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T01:12:38Z","timestamp":1630458758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1475-2875-6-133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2875-6-133","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 July 2007","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2007","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2007","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"133"}}